{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:04:11Z","timestamp":1789718651819,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Participation in cheerleading has continued to increase over the last decade, and the sport has evolved to require a higher level of athleticism. More than 3.5 million youth currently participate, with the vast majority being females between the ages of 6 and 17 years. Cheer occurs in both scholastic and nonscholastic settings; participants may perform to support other interscholastic teams or engage in competitions to showcase their skills against other squads. With the increased athletic demands of the sport and the year-round nature of competition, the number of injuries, including concussions, has risen. The overall injury rate for cheer is fairly low, but average time away from sport after injury is lengthy suggesting injuries can be severe. This policy statement reviews the epidemiology of cheerleading injuries and offers recommendations on how to improve the safety of cheerleading for all youth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2024-068956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T08:06:41Z","timestamp":1729498001000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Safety in Cheerleading: Epidemiology and Recommendations: Policy Statement"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Greg","family":"Canty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aChildren\u2019s Mercy Kansas City, Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Kansas City, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDepartment of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai\u2019i, Kapi\u2019olani Bone and Joint Center, Kapi\u2019olani Medical Center for Women and Children, Hawai\u2019i Pacific Health, Honolulu, Hawai\u2019i"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"COUNCIL ON SPORTS MEDICINE AND FITNESS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret Alison","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Carl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susannah M.","family":"Briskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Cuff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas M.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kinsella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina Lin","family":"Master","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane Michael","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Jose","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin D.","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avery","family":"Faigenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice C.","family":"Elder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjie","family":"Emanuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024110102521530300_B1","article-title":"Single sport report\u2013cheerleading","author":"Sports & Fitness Industry Association","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024110102521530300_B2","unstructured":"National Federation of State High School Associations. 2018\u201319 High School Athletics Participation Survey. Available at: https:\/\/www.nfhs.org\/media\/1020412\/2018-19_participation_survey.pdf. Accessed August 22, 2023"},{"key":"2024110102521530300_B3","unstructured":"Green\u2008L\n          , National Federation of State High School Associations. Impact of competitive cheer laws, regulations on Title IX compliance. Available at: https:\/\/www.nfhs.org\/articles\/impact-of-competitive-cheer-laws-regulations-on-title-ix-compliance\/. Accessed August 22, 2023"},{"key":"2024110102521530300_B4","unstructured":"USACheer. USA Cheer\u2019s position paper on cheer safety and Title IX. Available at: https:\/\/usacheer.org\/safety\/positionpaper. Accessed August 22, 2023"},{"key":"2024110102521530300_B5","unstructured":"US Olympic & Paralympic Committee. US Olympic & Paralympic Committee announces 5 new affiliate organizations council members. Available at: https:\/\/www.usopc.org\/media\/news\/usopc\/011123-usopc-announces-announces-five-new-affiliate-organizations-council-members. Accessed August 22, 2023"},{"key":"2024110102521530300_B6","unstructured":"USACheer. USA Cheer welcomes International Olympic Committee\u2019s full recognition of the International Cheer Union. Available at: https:\/\/usacheer.org\/usa-cheer-welcomes-international-olympic-committees-full-recognition-of-the-international-cheer-union. 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