{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T12:57:14Z","timestamp":1793969834305,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We describe the kinetics of maternally derived antibodies in infants in the first 6\u00a0months of life following 2- or 3-dose maternal vaccination during pregnancy or postpartum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective, multicenter cohort study enrolled infants born to mothers vaccinated with 2- (n\u2009=\u2009280) or 3-dose (boosted) monovalent messenger RNA vaccines in pregnancy (n\u2009=\u2009202) or to mothers vaccinated postpartum (n\u2009=\u200936) from July 2021 to January 2022. Binding (immunoglobulin G to S and receptor-binding domain), pseudovirus, and live neutralizing antibody (nAb) geometric mean titers (GMTs) to vaccine and Omicron BA.1\/BA.5 strains were measured at birth and 2 and 6\u00a0months of age. Antibody half-life and the effect of maternal or infant COVID-19 infection were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significantly higher GMTs of binding antibody and nAb to all antigens were present at birth and 2\u00a0months in infants of boosted mothers (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01) and higher titers to the vaccine strain, but not Omicron BA.1 and BA.5, persisted up to 6\u00a0months of age in infants of boosted mothers compared with the other groups (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01). Higher infant antibody titers at delivery and 6\u00a0months of age were associated with a booster dose during pregnancy and maternal prenatal and infant COVID-19 infection. Maternal infection status or vaccine regimen did not influence the half-life of infant antibodies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A maternal COVID-19 booster in pregnancy results in significantly higher functional antibody titers in infants compared with 2 doses in pregnancy or postpartum. High titers at birth and maternal hybrid immunity result in persistently elevated titers in infants for 6\u00a0months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2024-070175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T20:03:01Z","timestamp":1750708981000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Infant Antibodies After Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination During Pregnancy or Postpartum"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Flor M.","family":"Munoz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"2Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"3Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lalitha","family":"Parameswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4NYU Langone Vaccine Center and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Gundacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Statistical Center for HIV\/AIDS Research and Prevention (SCHARP), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Posavad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina L.","family":"Badell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University Hospital Midtown Perinatal Center, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Bunge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Women\u2019s Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Mulligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4NYU Langone Vaccine Center and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Olson-Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca C.","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"DeFranco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12Division of Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"Pasetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"13Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mallory C.","family":"Shriver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"13Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhea N.","family":"Coler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"14Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasha E.","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"14Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehul S.","family":"Suthar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"15Emory Vaccine Center, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"15Emory Vaccine Center, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy","family":"Miedema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"16FHI 360, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Statistical Center for HIV\/AIDS Research and Prevention (SCHARP), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbra A.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"17Departments of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"},{"name":"18Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington"},{"name":"19Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanna","family":"Piper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"20National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Beigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Women\u2019s Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Neuzil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"13Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"17Departments of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"},{"name":"18Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington"},{"name":"19Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina V.","family":"Cardemil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"20National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2026042411015973300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e215298","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.5298","article-title":"Characteristics and disease severity of US children and adolescents diagnosed with COVID-19","volume":"4","author":"Preston","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026042411015973300_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7111e2","article-title":"Hospitalization of infants and children aged 0\u20134\u00a0years with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 - COVID-NET, 14 states, March 2020-February 2022","volume":"71","author":"Marks","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly 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