{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:54:21Z","timestamp":1792068861204,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"\n \n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONTEXT<\/jats:title>\n Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk of cerebral abnormalities. Current evidence is limited by small sample sizes, single-center cohorts, and single time points.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of structural cerebral abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with CHD during prenatal, postnatal\u2013preoperative, and postoperative periods.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n DATA SOURCES<\/jats:title>\n Five electronic databases from inception to August 4, 2025.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n STUDY SELECTION<\/jats:title>\n Studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals that met the following criteria: 1) samples comprised fetuses from 24 weeks gestation to birth or children from birth to 21\u00a0years, with 2) isolated (nonsyndromic) CHD with or without surgical intervention within the first year of life, and 3) reported structural cerebral abnormalities on MRI, during 4) prenatal, postnatal\u2013preoperative, or postoperative period.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n DATA EXTRACTION<\/jats:title>\n Data were extracted independently by 2 authors. Data were synthesized using random-effects modeling to determine pooled estimates.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Overall, 125 studies met the inclusion criteria. Sample size included 521,\u20091895, and 2443 fetuses and children with CHD for prenatal, postnatal\u2013preoperative, and postoperative analyses, respectively, ensuring sample independence. The pooled overall prevalence of structural cerebral abnormalities was 23.1%, 36.7%, and 50.3% for prenatal, postnatal\u2013preoperative, and postoperative periods, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LIMITATIONS<\/jats:title>\n Variations in MRI strength, postnatal vs fetal MRI detection capacity, and the underlying rationale for neuroimaging.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n Structural cerebral abnormalities are prevalent in a considerable number of fetuses and children with CHD. A further increase is evident postoperatively, indicating the potential adverse impact of surgical intervention and postoperative care on brain outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2025-071101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:02:12Z","timestamp":1779840132000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of Cerebral Abnormalities in Children With Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Gautam","family":"Dagur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Health Services Research Center, University Hospitals Research & Education Institute; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children\u2019s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"2Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"3Ochsner Clinical School, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Ortinau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa I.","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake A.","family":"Kleinmahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Cohen Children\u2019s Heart Center, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle Z.","family":"Gurvitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"8Department of Cardiology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samudragupta","family":"Bora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Health Services Research Center, University Hospitals Research & Education Institute; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children\u2019s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"2Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"2026101508315355200_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.025","article-title":"Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"van der Linde","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101508315355200_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30402-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of congenital heart disease, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"4","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101508315355200_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-301662","article-title":"Mortality with congenital heart defects in England and Wales, 1959\u20132009: exploring technological change through period and birth cohort analysis","volume":"97","author":"Knowles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026101508315355200_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.10.001","article-title":"ACC\/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). 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