{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:00:25Z","timestamp":1793642425952,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to assess whether the presence of a therapy dog during 2 dental care sessions could facilitate subsequent dog-free dental care for anxious autistic children who had difficulty cooperating.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a parallel-arm randomized trial: control group using usual behavioral strategies only and experimental group using animal-assisted therapy (AAT) strategies combined with usual behavioral strategies. All patients had 3 dental care sessions. In the experimental group, the therapy dog was present during the first 2 dental sessions, and the third dental session was dog-free. The primary outcome was the mean overall anxiety during the dog-free third treatment session. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were also used to account for the correlation of repeated measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 49 patients were enrolled. The most frequently usual behavioral strategies were positive reinforcement (n\u2009=\u200931; 64%), hypnosis (n\u2009=\u200928; 58%), demystification (n\u2009=\u200926; 52%), and in vivo modeling (n\u2009=\u200925; 51%). AAT-specific strategies included imitating dog (n\u2009=\u200918; 69%), positive supportive reinforcement with dog incentives (n\u2009=\u200914; 54%), and distraction or therapeutic touch (n\u2009=\u200911; 42%). Mean anxiety scores were significantly lower in the experimental group during the third session (mean difference, \u22121.4; 95% CI, \u22122.43 to \u22120.37). GEE analysis showed a significant reduction in anxiety over time in the experimental group compared with controls (P\u2009=\u2009.0001; \u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22121.03).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dog served mainly as an in vivo model and positive reinforcer. Our findings suggest that AAT could play a key role in helping children acclimate to dental procedures, and, consequently, ease the transition back to conventional, animal-free dental treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2025-073469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:02:32Z","timestamp":1767916952000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dog Therapy for Dental Care Among Autistic Children: A Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Sandrella","family":"Hamdan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Pharmacologie et \u00c9valuations des Th\u00e9rapeutiques chez l\u2019Enfant et la Femme Enceinte, Paris, France"},{"name":"2Service de M\u00e9decine bucco-dentaire, Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), H\u00f4pital Bretonneau, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Service de M\u00e9decine bucco-dentaire, Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), H\u00f4pital Bretonneau, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendy","family":"Abdoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Pharmacologie et \u00c9valuations des Th\u00e9rapeutiques chez l\u2019Enfant et la Femme Enceinte, Paris, France"},{"name":"3Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique Necker Cochin, AP-HP, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Ollivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Pharmacologie et \u00c9valuations des Th\u00e9rapeutiques chez l\u2019Enfant et la Femme Enceinte, Paris, France"},{"name":"3Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique Necker Cochin, AP-HP, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Treluyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Pharmacologie et \u00c9valuations des Th\u00e9rapeutiques chez l\u2019Enfant et la Femme Enceinte, Paris, France"},{"name":"3Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique Necker Cochin, AP-HP, France"},{"name":"4Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique (CIC)-1419 Inserm, Cochin-Necker, Paris, France"},{"name":"5Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, H\u00f4pital Cochin, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Centre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Courson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Service de M\u00e9decine bucco-dentaire, Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), H\u00f4pital Bretonneau, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Jungo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Service de M\u00e9decine bucco-dentaire, Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), H\u00f4pital Bretonneau, Paris, France"},{"name":"6Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 and Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, Institut National de Recherche pour l\u2019Agriculture, l\u2019Alimentation et l\u2019Environnement (INRAE), Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Service de M\u00e9decine bucco-dentaire, Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), H\u00f4pital Bretonneau, Paris, France"},{"name":"7INSERM Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche (UMR), 1333 Oral Health, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Montrouge, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Fron-Chabouis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Laboratoire Institut de Chimie de la Mati\u00e9re Condens\u00e9e de Bordeaux (ICMCB), UMR5026 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique [CNRS]), Pessac, France, and Service de M\u00e9decine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, H\u00f4pital Saint Andr\u00e9, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Violaine","family":"Smail-Faugeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Pharmacologie et \u00c9valuations des Th\u00e9rapeutiques chez l\u2019Enfant et la Femme Enceinte, Paris, France"},{"name":"2Service de M\u00e9decine bucco-dentaire, Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), H\u00f4pital Bretonneau, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026033105230022800_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.23661","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorder: a review","volume":"329","author":"Hirota","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026033105230022800_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14061868","article-title":"Oral hygiene status in children on the autism spectrum disorder","volume":"14","author":"Prynda","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin 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