{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:46:21Z","timestamp":1791899181691,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation (SETTLE) is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm. Here we describe an infant girl with sublingual SETTLE. Diagnosis was complicated by initial histopathology result from incisional biopsy showing features of chronic sialadenitis. Gross total resection of the lesion demonstrated a low-grade spindle epithelial cell neoplasm, which was confirmed to be SETTLE on specialist pathology review. Previous literature has not identified a case occurring at such a young age or involving a tumor located outside the thyroid gland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2025-073856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:03:06Z","timestamp":1784073786000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spindle Epithelial Tumor With Thymus-Like Differentiation in an Infant"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Kei Yu","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology\/Haematology, Perth Children\u2019s Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Sale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Otolaryngology, Perth Children\u2019s Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"3School of Medicine, Division of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth Children\u2019s Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth Children\u2019s Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Valvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology\/Haematology, Perth Children\u2019s Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"5Brain Tumour Research Programme, The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"6School of Medicine, Division of Paediatrics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2026101308525618500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(91)90083-2","article-title":"Tumors of the neck showing thymic or related branchial pouch differentiation: a unifying concept","volume":"22","author":"Chan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum Pathol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101308525618500_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E325","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24744","article-title":"Spindle cell tumour with thymus-like differentiation (SETTLE) on fine needle aspiration cytology: a case report highlighting diagnostic pitfalls","volume":"49","author":"Adegun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol."},{"key":"2026101308525618500_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehpc.2017.10.006","article-title":"Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation (SETTLE): case report with longest follow up & latency to metastasis","volume":"11","author":"Abdulrahman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Human Pathol Case Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101308525618500_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0716-5","article-title":"Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation (SETTLE): clinical-pathological features, differential pathological diagnosis and therapy","volume":"51","author":"Ippolito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrine."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101308525618500_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-018-0927-1","article-title":"Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation (SETTLE): a next-generation sequencing study","volume":"13","author":"Stevens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101308525618500_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-024-01527-9","article-title":"Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like elements (SETTLE): a diagnostic challenge with distinct therapeutic implication; case report","volume":"19","author":"Chadha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101308525618500_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23634","article-title":"Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation: a case report and comprehensive review of the literature and treatment options","volume":"37","author":"Recondo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Head Neck."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101308525618500_r8","first-page":"53","article-title":"Spindle epithelial tumor with thymuslike differentiation in a 2-year-old boy: a case report","volume":"32","author":"Casco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal Quant Cytol Histol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101308525618500_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2006.02007.x","article-title":"Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation (SETTLE): youngest reported patient","volume":"56","author":"Satoh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pathol Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101308525618500_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2011.08.008","article-title":"Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation of the thyroid (SETTLE): report of two cases (one associated with a parathyroid adenoma)","volume":"17","author":"Llamas-Gutierrez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101308525618500_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/23772484.2024.2405093","article-title":"Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation involving the parathyroid gland: a case report with literature review","volume":"9","author":"Salih","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101308525618500_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198507000-00007","article-title":"Thyroid spindle-cell tumor with mucous cysts. An intrathyroid thymoma?","volume":"9","author":"Harach","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2025-073856\/1944313\/pediatrics.2025073856.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2025-073856\/1944313\/pediatrics.2025073856.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:53:04Z","timestamp":1791895984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/158\/2\/e2025073856\/208239\/Spindle-Epithelial-Tumor-With-Thymus-Like"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2025-073856","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"article-number":"e2025073856"}}