{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T13:26:12Z","timestamp":1794317172086,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Supplemental Security Income (SSI) eligibility is automatically granted for the subset of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants born below 1200\u00a0g. We estimated the effects of automatic eligibility on SSI take-up among VLBW infants near the cutoff, both overall and for key subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n We analyzed Florida birth certificates merged with Social Security Administration records from 1990 to 2015. Our sample included 21\u2009606 infants with gestational age under 32\u00a0weeks and birth weight between 1000 to 1400\u00a0g. Using a regression discontinuity approach, we tested whether SSI take-up by VLBW infants was higher under the 1200\u00a0g cutoff and whether take-up differed by individual characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Our results indicated that SSI take-up increased by 19.1 percentage points at the 1200\u00a0g cutoff. Baseline take-up rates were the highest for mothers who were Black, less educated, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participants, or low-income county residents. Increases in take-up at the SSI eligibility threshold were the largest for mothers who were non-Hispanic Black, other race and ethnicity, or WIC participants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n Our results suggest that the SSI 1200\u00a0g eligibility threshold matters\u2014infants just below it were significantly more likely to participate in the program. Take-up among eligible infants varied by individual characteristics, in ways consistent with the program being well-targeted\u2014reaching many infants with worse health and lower income\u2014and yet take-up was far less than universal even for birth weight eligible infants, suggesting a need for additional outreach. Participation was even lower for VLBW infants who were not automatically eligible but could have benefited from the program.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2025-075633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:02:11Z","timestamp":1791936131000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential Take-Up of Supplemental Security Income in Florida for Very Low Birth Weight Infants"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Melanie","family":"Guldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Economics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida"},{"name":"2Institute of Labor Economics at LISER, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Economics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Economics, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts"},{"name":"5National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026111007572857800_r1","author":"Commission on Social Determinants of Health","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026111007572857800_r2","article-title":"Disparities in health and health care: five key questions and answers","author":"Artiga","year":"2020"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026111007572857800_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2337690","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.37690","article-title":"Health insurance and differences in infant mortality rates in the US","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026111007572857800_r4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fetal mortality: United States, 2022","volume":"73","author":"Gregory","year":"2024","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026111007572857800_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20183114","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-3114","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic disparities in neonatal intensive care: a systematic review","volume":"144","author":"Sigurdson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026111007572857800_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020037622","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-037622","article-title":"Quality of care in US NICUs by race and ethnicity","volume":"148","author":"Edwards","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026111007572857800_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.0818-9654R2","article-title":"Supplemental Security Income for children, maternal labor supply, and family well-being: evidence from birth weight eligibility cutoffs","volume":"59","author":"Guldi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hum Resour."},{"key":"2026111007572857800_r8","author":"Ko","year":"2020"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026111007572857800_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20231293","article-title":"The long-term effects of income for at-risk infants: evidence from Supplemental Security Income","volume":"115","author":"Hawkins","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am Econ Rev."},{"key":"2026111007572857800_r10","article-title":"Electronic Birth and Fetal Death Electronic Dataset. 1990\u20132015","author":"Bureau of Vital Statistics at the Florida Department of Health","year":"2025"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026111007572857800_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.3982\/ECTA11757","article-title":"Robust nonparametric confidence intervals for regression-discontinuity designs","volume":"82","author":"Calonico","year":"2014","journal-title":"Econometrica."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026111007572857800_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-021-01213-4","article-title":"The financial burden experienced by families of preterm infants after NICU discharge","volume":"42","author":"Lakshmanan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Perinatol."},{"key":"2026111007572857800_r13","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Low Birth Weight Babies and Disability","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026111007572857800_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/10442073241289090","article-title":"The local declines in child SSI applications and awards during COVID","volume":"36","author":"Levere","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Disabil Policy Stud."}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2025-075633\/1977304\/pediatrics.2025075633.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2025-075633\/1977304\/pediatrics.2025075633.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T12:57:34Z","timestamp":1794315454000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/158\/5\/e2025075633\/210915\/Differential-Take-Up-of-Supplemental-Security"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2025-075633","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"article-number":"e2025075633"}}