{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:52:05Z","timestamp":1792713125079,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preterm birth and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission are not only extremely stressful for the infant itself but can also impact parental mental health. This Dutch national prospective cohort study aimed to describe the trajectory of parental mental health following preterm birth (&amp;lt;29 weeks of gestation) and identify contributing factors for mothers and fathers separately.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As part of the \u201cHappiness for the Improvement of Premature and Parental Outcome\u201d study, parents completed questionnaires on posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms at 3 time points up to term-equivalent age. To determine potential contributing factors, additional questionnaires were completed to capture prenatal psychosocial history, family and birth-related factors, postnatal stressors, and protective factors. Data were analyzed using unstructured mixed-effects models and generalized least squares.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Questionnaires were completed by 217 of 385 families (of 259\/446 children). Clinically elevated posttraumatic stress symptoms peaked at term-equivalent age, affecting 35.1% of mothers and 16.4% of fathers. Clinically elevated depressive symptoms peaked at 1 to 2 weeks after birth in mothers (39.5%) and at term-equivalent age in fathers (24.3%). For both parents, prenatal psychosocial history and NICU-related parental stress were significant contributors to parental mental health. More neonatal stress exposure, having fewer children, and perceived social support were additional factors for fathers\u2019 mental health only.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings illustrate the impact of preterm birth and NICU admission on parental mental health. Identification of shared and parent-specific risk factors is important to identify parents with the highest risk for adverse outcomes and provides opportunities for early interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2026-076477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:02:51Z","timestamp":1787011371000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Parent Mental Health From Preterm Birth Through the NICU Stay"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Kirsten S.","family":"Muller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"2Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC\u2013Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"3Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"4Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"5Amsterdam Public Health, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hedy A.","family":"van Oers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"3Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"4Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"6Amsterdam Public Health, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi J.","family":"Meesters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC\u2013Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia A.","family":"Obermann-Borst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Care4Neo, Neonatal Patient and Parent Advocacy Organisation, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelieke S. H.","family":"Aarnoudse-Moens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"3Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"4Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"5Amsterdam Public Health, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Tataranno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Lopriore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlou M. A.","family":"Raets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, MosaKids Children\u2019s Hospital, Maastricht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christ-Jan","family":"van Ganzewinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11Department of Neonatology, M\u00e1xima Medical Center, Veldhoven, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Dijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12Department of Neonatology, Beatrix Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris H. P.","family":"van den Akker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"13Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem P.","family":"de Boode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"14Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children\u2019s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank A. B. A.","family":"Schuerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"15Department of Neonatology, Isala, Zwolle, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton H.","family":"van Kaam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"13Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irwin K. M.","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC\u2013Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"16Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinno H. 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