{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:53:37Z","timestamp":1791204817320,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONTEXT<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delirium is common in pediatric intensive care units. Reliable tools are needed, but evidence on measurement properties remains fragmented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify pediatric delirium tools and evaluate their measurement properties and certainty of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched without language or date restrictions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Original observational, cross-sectional, and validation studies evaluating at least 1 measurement property of a pediatric delirium tool in acute care were eligible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA EXTRACTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the adapted COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methods and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 for diagnostic accuracy. Evidence was rated using COSMIN-adapted Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 8378 records, 41 studies were included, covering 15 language versions of 6 tools: Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD), preschool-Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit, pediatric-Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit, Sophia Observation withdrawal Symptoms scale - Pediatric Delirium (SOS-PD), PEdiatric Delirium Scale (PEDS), and Child Delirium Assessment Scale (CDAS). CAPD had the largest evidence base. High-certainty evidence supported criterion validity of CAPD and Confusion Assessment Method tools, with moderate-certainty evidence for reliability. SOS-PD showed moderate-certainty evidence for criterion validity and high-certainty evidence for convergent validity and reliability but was evaluated in fewer studies. Evidence for CDAS and PEDS was limited to single studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LIMITATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence was uneven across tools and mainly addressed criterion validity and interrater reliability. Measurement error, cross-cultural validity, and subgroup performance were rarely assessed. Criterion validity is difficult because no perfect gold standard exists for diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SOS-PD showed the most favorable certainty profile across evaluated measurement properties but was evaluated in fewer studies than CAPD. Further studies should address measurement error, cross-cultural validity, subgroup performance, and implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2026-077184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:03:11Z","timestamp":1788307391000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measurement Properties of Delirium Tools in Pediatric Intensive Care: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Max","family":"Zilezinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 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Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kottner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026100508180563100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005260","article-title":"A systematic review and pooled prevalence of delirium in critically ill children","volume":"50","author":"Semple","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care 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