{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:53:35Z","timestamp":1791204815297,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n To assess the effects of immersive virtual reality (IVR) for alleviating anxiety, anticipatory nausea and vomiting, and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with pediatric cancer receiving their first chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n An assessor-blinded parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted in a local children\u2019s hospital among pediatric patients (aged 6-12 years) undergoing their first chemotherapy. Outcome measures included (1) anxiety; (2) anticipatory nausea and vomiting; and (3) CINV. Outcome assessments were conducted at baseline (T0), before (T1) and after first (T2) chemotherapy, and before (T3) and after (T4) second chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n A total of 128 patients (mean age\u2009=\u20099.02 years) were recruited. Generalized estimating equations analyses indicated that the intervention group had significantly greater reduction in anxiety than the control group before and after the first and second chemotherapy (time-by-group interaction, T1: \u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22121.76, d\u2009=\u2009\u22120.67; T2: \u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22123.71, d\u2009=\u2009\u22120.87; T3: \u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22123.71, d\u2009=\u2009\u22120.91; T4: \u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22126.30, d\u2009=\u2009\u22121.48; all P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), demonstrating that the IVR intervention effect progressively increased from medium to large over time. The Mann-Whitney U test showed that compared with the control group, the IVR group reported significantly fewer episodes of anticipatory nausea at T3 (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), CINV (P\u2009=\u20090.03) at T4, and chemotherapy-induced vomiting (P\u2009=\u20090.003) at T2 and T4.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n IVR was beneficial in reducing anxiety, anticipatory nausea, and CINV among patients with pediatric cancer undergoing their first chemotherapy. The findings suggest a convenient and easily applied intervention for pediatric chemotherapy patients to enhance clinical care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2026-077239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:02:31Z","timestamp":1788480151000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immersive Virtual Reality and Anxiety, Nausea, and Vomiting in Children With Cancer: An RCT"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Cho Lee","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Kong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"3Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children\u2019s Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"4Hong Kong Hub of Obstetric and Pediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen Yip Wing Han","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin Ting","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai Chow","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mankei","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon Yue Yue","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Pharmacy Department, Hong Kong Children\u2019s Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis Tak Loi","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children\u2019s Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, 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