{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:23:36Z","timestamp":1791300216639,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective.\u2003Postmortem studies of fetuses, infants, and young children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) have demonstrated a variety of severe central nervous system (CNS) anomalies. We undertook this magnetic resonance study (1) to assess the spectrum of CNS anomalies that occur in a clinical sample of typical patients with FAS who are medically stable; and (2) to examine the relationship between CNS and facial anomalies.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methodology.\u2003Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on a series of 10 patients (4 children, 3 adolescents, and 3 adults) who met criteria for FAS. We systematically evaluated each scan for brain anomalies and compared total brain tissue volume with that of healthy child, adolescent, and adult control subjects.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results.\u2003Six patients had some type of midline anomaly, ranging from partial to complete callosal agenesis (three patients) to hypoplastic corpus callosum (one patient), cavum septi pellucidi (three patients), and cavum vergae (two patients). These midline anomalies were associated with a greater number of facial anomalies. Other brain anomalies identified included micrencephaly, ventriculomegaly, and hypoplasia of the inferior olivary eminences.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusion.\u2003Patients with classic FAS have a high incidence of midline brain anomalies. This finding is consistent with the concept that the midline CNS is a developmental field that is particularly susceptible to the teratogenic effects of alcohol. Furthermore, patients with more severe facial dysmorphologic characteristics are more likely to have midline brain anomalies. In addition, we observed a high incidence of micrencephaly with a wide range of severity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.2.232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T23:40:17Z","timestamp":1092440417000},"page":"232-240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":211,"title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Anomalies in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"99","author":[{"suffix":"II","given":"Victor W.","family":"Swayze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Psychiatry,"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia P.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Genetics Center, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Vermillion;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Piven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Psychiatry,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, College of Medicine, Iowa City;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay N.","family":"Giedd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Mosnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Psychiatry,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy C.","family":"Andreasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Psychiatry,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121006475569100_B1","first-page":"517","article-title":"Communications: re\u0301flexions sur la descendance des alcooliques.","volume":"151","author":"Lamache","year":"1967","journal-title":"Bull Acad Natl Me\u0301decine (Paris)"},{"key":"2021121006475569100_B2","first-page":"476","article-title":"Les infants de parents alcooliques. 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