{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:37:10Z","timestamp":1790703430837,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective.\u2003We evaluated the accuracy of parental recall of children\u2019s immunization histories as compared with provider records and examined how errors in parental recall correlate with sociodemographic characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Design.\u2003The validation study was part of a population-based household survey designed to assess immunization levels among Texas children under age 2 years. For 72% (n = 3278), interviewers used vaccination records from the parent to copy dates for the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DTP), oral polio vaccine (OPV), and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) shots. For parents without shot records (n = 1216), interviewers asked about each vaccine, whether the child had received the shot, how many, and at what age. Of these, 85% (n = 1029) were validated with health provider records.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results.\u2003Measured against provider records, only 34% of parents accurately recalled the number of DTP shots a child had. More often (42%) parents underestimated the number of DTP shots than overestimated (24%). Agreement between parental recall and provider records was high (83%) for the single dose of MMR. Accuracy of parents\u2019 recall did not differ by race\/ethnicity, education level, or type of health insurance coverage, but decreased as child\u2019s age increased. Having a vaccination record at home was associated with a higher immunization status. Hispanic, lower educated, and uninsured parents were more likely to have a vaccination record than non-Hispanic, higher educated, and privately insured parents.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Discussion.\u2003Validity of parental recall of children\u2019s immunization histories depends on the vaccine and the age of the child, which is highly correlated with the number of shots parents must recollect. Results suggest that inclusion of parent recall information from vaccination surveys underestimates DTP:OPV:MMR coverage. This underestimation is consistent across economic and race\/ethnic groups. Thus, community surveys based on cards and recall should provide reliable conclusions about which groups need intensive program efforts. For the routine monitoring of vaccination coverage, reasonable estimates can be obtained by combining parent-held record and parent recall data. Caution is required when comparing coverage estimates from different surveys since the source of information and method of derivation will produce widely varying coverage rates. vaccinations, immunization, validity, recall bias, infant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.5.e3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T23:40:17Z","timestamp":1092440417000},"page":"e3-e3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Errors and Correlates in Parental Recall of Child Immunizations: Effects on Vaccination Coverage Estimates"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Lucina","family":"Suarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Associateship for Disease Control and Prevention, Texas Department of Health, Austin, Texas; and the"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane M.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Associateship for Disease Control and Prevention, Texas Department of Health, Austin, Texas; and the"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Commissioner of Health, Texas Department of Health, Austin, Texas."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121009522517800_B1","first-page":"419","article-title":"The president\u2019s child immunization initiative\u2014a summary of the problem and the response.","volume":"108","author":"Robinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"2021121009522517800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480140078037","article-title":"Monitoring progress toward US preschool immunization goals.","volume":"267","author":"Cutts","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2021121009522517800_B3"},{"key":"2021121009522517800_B4","first-page":"669","article-title":"The accuracy of mothers\u2019 reports about their children\u2019s vaccination status.","volume":"67","author":"Gareaballah","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ."},{"key":"2021121009522517800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.65.7.763","article-title":"Immunisation state and its documentation in hospital patients.","volume":"65","author":"Ferson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child."},{"key":"2021121009522517800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1991.tb93960.x","article-title":"The validity of parental report of vaccination as a measure of a child\u2019s measles immunisation status.","volume":"155","author":"Hawe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med J Aust."},{"key":"2021121009522517800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a042571","article-title":"Mothers\u2019 reports of childhood vaccinations and infections and their concordance with general practitioner records.","volume":"13","author":"McKinney","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Public Health Med."},{"key":"2021121009522517800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.82.1.120","article-title":"Maternal recall error of child vaccination status in a developing nation.","volume":"82","author":"Valadez","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"key":"2021121009522517800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510180060034","article-title":"Accuracy of immunization histories provided by adults accompanying preschool children to a pediatric emergency department.","volume":"270","author":"Goldstein","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2021121009522517800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-199412000-00002","article-title":"Effect of emergency department immunization on compliance with primary care.","volume":"10","author":"Joffe","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care."},{"key":"2021121009522517800_B11"},{"key":"2021121009522517800_B12","first-page":"60","article-title":"The immunization status of Texas children age 3\u201324 months: results of the 1994 Texas immunization survey.","volume":"92","author":"Simpson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Tex Med."},{"key":"2021121009522517800_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90225-9","article-title":"Health cards, maternal reports and the measurement of immunization coverage: the example of Guatemala.","volume":"38","author":"Goldman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med."}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/99\/5\/e3\/1084081\/e3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/99\/5\/e3\/1084081\/e3.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T21:58:24Z","timestamp":1639173504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/99\/5\/e3\/66371\/Errors-and-Correlates-in-Parental-Recall-of-Child"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.99.5.e3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-4275","0031-4005"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,1]]}}}