{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:15:02Z","timestamp":1761707702488,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective.\u2003Accurate selective criteria could limit the number of vaginal cultures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae performed on preteenaged girls as part of their sexual abuse evaluations. This study was performed to determine whether the published selective criteria by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect and by Siegel et al would have accurately detected all cases of vaginal gonococcal infections in our large study population.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods.\u2003We prospectively studied girls, ages 1 to 12 years, who were referred to our Child Sexual Abuse Team (CSAT) at Wake Medical Center in Raleigh, NC, between July 1, 1976 to July 1, 1996, for sexual abuse evaluations which were performed using a protocol that included collecting historical information, a sexual abuse interview, and a detailed genital examination which included a vaginal culture forN gonorrhoeae.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results.\u2003Our study population consisted of 2898 girls of whom 2731 (94%) had vaginal cultures successfully performed forN gonorrhoeae. There were 84 girls with vaginal gonococcal infections, 80 of whom had a vaginal discharge. The four girls without a vaginal discharge included two with a history of having vaginal intercourse with an alleged perpetrator with gonorrhea, one withN gonorrhoeae isolated from a urine culture, and one whose preteenaged sister had gonorrhea. All of the 84 girls would have been identified using the selective culturing criteria of the AAP Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect: culturing when epidemiologically indicated (interpreted as the girl having another sexually transmitted disease [STD], a child sibling, child household member, a close child associate or a perpetrator with a known STD) or when the history and\/or physical findings suggest the possibility of oral, genital, or rectal contact, or Siegel et al\u2019s more selective criteria: only culturing prepubertal girls for N gonorrhoeae if there is a vaginal discharge at the time of presentation or if there is a high risk for STD acquisition, defined as having a STD diagnosed, a sibling with a STD, contact with a perpetrator known to have a STD, contact with multiple perpetrators, or Tanner stage III or above.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusion.\u2003Both the selective criteria of the AAP Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect and the more selective criteria of Siegel et al as we interpreted them were accurate when applied to identifying girls with vaginal gonococcal infections in our study population. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, female children, sexual abuse evaluation, vaginal cultures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.6.e8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T23:40:17Z","timestamp":1092440417000},"page":"e8-e8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Vaginal Gonococcal Cultures in Sexual Abuse Evaluations: Evaluation of Selective Criteria for Preteenaged Girls"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"David L.","family":"Ingram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Area Health Education Center, Wake Medical Center, Raleigh, North Carolina and University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V. Denise","family":"Everett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Area Health Education Center, Wake Medical Center, Raleigh, North Carolina and University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren A. R.","family":"Flick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Area Health Education Center, Wake Medical Center, Raleigh, North Carolina; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa A.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Area Health Education Center, Wake Medical Center, Raleigh, North Carolina; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne T.","family":"White-Sims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana State University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, Louisiana."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121023201330800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.87.2.254","article-title":"Guidelines for the evaluation of sexual abuse of children.","volume":"87","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021121023201330800_B2","first-page":"1090","article-title":"The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in children and adolescents evaluated for sexual abuse in Cincinnati: rationale for limited STD testing in prepubertal girls.","volume":"96","author":"Siegel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021121023201330800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199211110-00008","article-title":"Epidemiology of adult sexually transmitted disease agents in children being evaluated for sexual abuse.","volume":"11","author":"Ingram","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J."},{"key":"2021121023201330800_B4","first-page":"99","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control 1993 sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines.","volume":"42","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1993","journal-title":"MMWR."},{"key":"2021121023201330800_B5"},{"key":"2021121023201330800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1177\/000992287401300813","article-title":"Prepubertal gonococcal vaginitis.","volume":"13","author":"Tunnessen","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr."},{"key":"2021121023201330800_B7","first-page":"251","article-title":"\u201cKids with clap:\u201d gonorrhea as an indicator of child sexual assault. Victimology:","volume":"2","author":"Sgroi","year":"1977","journal-title":"An Int J."},{"key":"2021121023201330800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.60.2.153","article-title":"Gonorrhea in preadolescent children: an inquiry into source of infection and mode of transmission.","volume":"60","author":"Folland","year":"1977","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021121023201330800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198607000-00002","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases in sexually abused children.","volume":"13","author":"DeJong","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis."}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/99\/6\/e8\/1001548\/e8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/99\/6\/e8\/1001548\/e8.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T07:57:52Z","timestamp":1639209472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/99\/6\/e8\/75403\/Vaginal-Gonococcal-Cultures-in-Sexual-Abuse"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.99.6.e8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-4275","0031-4005"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-4275"},{"type":"print","value":"0031-4005"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,1]]}}}