{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:03:37Z","timestamp":1792202617734,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2018-0134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T10:20:14Z","timestamp":1609496414000},"page":"11-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Iron Deficiency: Implications Before Anemia"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Schuyler","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of California at San Francisco Benioff Children\u2019s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliott","family":"Vichinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of California at San Francisco Benioff Children\u2019s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA"},{"name":"Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022051619304535600_B1","volume-title":"Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Assessment, Prevention and Control: A Guide for Programme Managers","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051619304535600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1006\/bcmd.2002.0564","article-title":"Pathways of iron absorption","volume":"29","author":"Conrad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"issue":"5704","key":"2022051619304535600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104742","article-title":"Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization","volume":"306","author":"Nemeth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"19","key":"2022051619304535600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401038","article-title":"Iron-deficiency anemia","volume":"372","author":"Camaschella","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051619304535600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E51","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.4.e51","article-title":"Poorer behavioral and developmental outcome more than 10 years after treatment for iron deficiency in infancy","volume":"105","author":"Lozoff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022051619304535600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.05.015","article-title":"Functional significance of early-life iron deficiency: outcomes at 25 years","volume":"163","author":"Lozoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022051619304535600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20784","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes and myelination: the role of iron","volume":"57","author":"Todorich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051619304535600_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1159\/000448514","article-title":"Iron deficiency impairs developing hippocampal neuron gene expression, energy metabolism, and dendrite complexity","volume":"38","author":"Bastian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022051619304535600_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.thj.6200574","article-title":"The effect of iron deficiency anemia on the function of the immune system","volume":"5","author":"Ekiz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hematol J"},{"key":"2022051619304535600_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.568S","article-title":"Iron biology in immune function, muscle metabolism and neuronal functioning","volume":"131","author":"Beard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022051619304535600_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(76)81117-1","article-title":"Malabsorption of iron in children with iron deficiency","volume":"88","author":"Gross","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051619304535600_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.33.1.83","article-title":"The gastrointestinal effects of iron-deficiency anemia","volume":"33","author":"Naiman","year":"1964","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022051619304535600_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.7.1951","article-title":"Iron deficiency anemia reduces thyroid peroxidase activity in rats","volume":"132","author":"Hess","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022051619304535600_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/52.5.813","article-title":"Impaired thermoregulation and thyroid function in iron-deficiency anemia","volume":"52","author":"Beard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022051619304535600_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-346304","article-title":"Intravenous iron for the treatment of fatigue in nonanemic, premenopausal women with low serum ferritin concentration","volume":"118","author":"Krayenbuehl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051619304535600_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2014.04.007","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia","volume":"28","author":"Powers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"23","key":"2022051619304535600_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4754","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-05-286260","article-title":"Detection, evaluation, and management of iron-restricted erythropoiesis","volume":"116","author":"Goodnough","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022051619304535600_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mib.0000235097.86360.04","article-title":"Impaired intestinal iron absorption in Crohn\u2019s disease correlates with disease activity and markers of inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Semrin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022051619304535600_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2576","article-title":"Diagnosis and prevention of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children (0-3 years of age)","volume":"126","author":"Baker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022051619304535600_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.23.5.171","article-title":"Screening for iron deficiency","volume":"23","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051619304535600_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.4.1489","article-title":"Clinical utility of the reticulocyte hemoglobin content in the diagnosis of iron deficiency","volume":"99","author":"Mast","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022051619304535600_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-06-508325","article-title":"A systematic analysis of global anemia burden from 1990 to 2010","volume":"123","author":"Kassebaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051619304535600_B23","first-page":"691","article-title":"The clinical pattern of subclinical\/silent celiac disease: an analysis on 1026 consecutive cases","volume":"94","author":"Bottaro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051619304535600_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.82.2.136","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection with iron deficiency anaemia and subnormal growth at puberty","volume":"82","author":"Choe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051619304535600_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200402000-00008","article-title":"Gastric histopathology, iron status and iron deficiency anemia in children with Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"38","author":"Baysoy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051619304535600_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmi015","article-title":"Is there a relationship between childhood Helicobacter pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia?","volume":"51","author":"Kurekci","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022051619304535600_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2012.075515","article-title":"Iron refractory iron deficiency anemia","volume":"98","author":"De Falco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051619304535600_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e755","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3513","article-title":"Effect of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy on child mental development in rural China","volume":"131","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022051619304535600_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.11.1241","article-title":"Late vs early clamping of the umbilical cord in full-term neonates: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials","volume":"297","author":"Hutton","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051619304535600_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.3971","article-title":"Effects of delayed umbilical cord clamping vs early clamping on anemia in infants at 8 and 12 months: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"171","author":"Kc","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022051619304535600_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.29.8.527","article-title":"Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: a clinical analysis","volume":"29","author":"Porteous","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051619304535600_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88812","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088812","article-title":"Ischaemic strokes in patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: associations with iron deficiency and platelets","volume":"9","author":"Shovlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022051619304535600_B33","first-page":"191","article-title":"Optimal management of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia","volume":"5","author":"Garg","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Blood Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051619304535600_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.3109\/00016346609158455","article-title":"Menstrual blood loss: a population study: variation at different ages and attempts to define normality","volume":"45","author":"Hallberg","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051619304535600_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199927040-00003","article-title":"Anaemia and iron deficiency in athletes: practical recommendations for treatment","volume":"27","author":"Chatard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051619304535600_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0070(87)90002-7","article-title":"Iron deficiency in adolescent endurance athletes","volume":"8","author":"Rowland","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022051619304535600_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.189589","article-title":"Iron supplementation benefits physical performance in women of reproductive age: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"144","author":"Pasricha","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051619304535600_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27774","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of iron supplementation in female soldiers during military training: effects on iron status, physical performance, and mood","volume":"90","author":"McClung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022051619304535600_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.064394","article-title":"The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Consensus Statement on periodic health evaluation of elite athletes March 2009","volume":"43","author":"Ljungqvist","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051619304535600_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.104","article-title":"Overweight children and adolescents: a risk group for iron deficiency","volume":"114","author":"Nead","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051619304535600_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802224","article-title":"Greater prevalence of iron deficiency in overweight and obese children and adolescents","volume":"27","author":"Pinhas-Hamiel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022051619304535600_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.732","article-title":"Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012","volume":"311","author":"Ogden","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022051619304535600_B43","volume-title":"Health, United States, 2011: With Special Feature on Socioeconomic Status and Health","author":"National Center for Health Statistics","year":"2012"},{"key":"2022051619304535600_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(02)00141-7","article-title":"The genetics of restless legs syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Winkelmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022051619304535600_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.08.012","article-title":"Response to intravenous iron in patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and restless leg syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease)","volume":"15","author":"Mehmood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"2022051619304535600_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.07.028","article-title":"Iron and restless legs syndrome: treatment, genetics and pathophysiology","volume":"31","author":"Connor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"2022051619304535600_B47","unstructured":"CDC. Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/adhd\/data.html. Accessed April 1, 2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051619304535600_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14140047","article-title":"Multimodal MR imaging of brain iron in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a noninvasive biomarker that responds to psychostimulant treatment?","volume":"272","author":"Adisetiyo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051619304535600_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2007.08.014","article-title":"Effects of iron supplementation on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children","volume":"38","author":"Konofal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022051619304535600_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2001.10719056","article-title":"Can dietary treatment of non-anemic iron deficiency improve iron status?","volume":"20","author":"Heath","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"2022051619304535600_B51","first-page":"CD009747","article-title":"Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women","volume":"4","author":"Low","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"17","key":"2022051619304535600_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-05-642223","article-title":"Oral iron supplements increase hepcidin and decrease iron absorption from daily or twice-daily doses in iron-depleted young women","volume":"126","author":"Moretti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"22","key":"2022051619304535600_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.6846","article-title":"Effect of low-dose ferrous sulfate vs iron polysaccharide complex on hemoglobin concentration in young children with nutritional iron-deficiency anemia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"317","author":"Powers","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051619304535600_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25752","article-title":"Advances in pediatric intravenous iron therapy","volume":"63","author":"Mantadakis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051619304535600_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/49.2.84","article-title":"The effect of iron therapy on the growth of iron-replete and iron-deplete children","volume":"49","author":"Majumdar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051619304535600_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.197","article-title":"Iron-fortified vs low-iron infant formula: developmental outcome at 10 years","volume":"166","author":"Lozoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics In Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatricsinreview\/article-pdf\/42\/1\/11\/827955\/pedsinreview_20180134.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatricsinreview\/article-pdf\/42\/1\/11\/827955\/pedsinreview_20180134.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T19:31:18Z","timestamp":1652729478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatricsinreview\/article\/42\/1\/11\/35449\/Iron-Deficiency-Implications-Before-Anemia"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/pir.2018-0134","relation":{},"ISSN":["0191-9601","1526-3347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0191-9601","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-3347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}}}