{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:49:24Z","timestamp":1790858964778,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Encephalitis is defined as altered mental status for more than 24 hours accompanied by 2 or more findings concerning for inflammation of the brain parenchyma: fever, seizures or other focal neurologic disorders, cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, and abnormal neuroimaging and electroencephalographic findings. Herpes simplex virus causes the most severe form of virus-induced encephalitis; the early administration of acyclovir can improve the prognosis of this disease. The rising interest in autoimmune causes of encephalitis, most notably anti\u2013N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, should prompt the clinician to consider immunomodulatory treatments, which may improve outcomes. A broad testing panel may be necessary to detect the etiologic agent; a few published pediatric cases suggest that infectious and autoimmune causes may occur concurrently in the same patient with encephalitis. More than 40% of children diagnosed as having encephalitis will not return to their previous level of neurologic function after resolution of their disease, although outcomes are highly variable depending on the etiologic agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2018-0175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T10:21:10Z","timestamp":1612174870000},"page":"68-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Encephalitis in Previously Healthy Children"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Claire E.","family":"Fraley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Pettersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Nolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of 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