{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T16:47:49Z","timestamp":1790182069481,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cannabis use has been evolving in both recreational drug use and medicinal uses, in part due to the recent introduction of various strains and components. With increasing use, we have seen emergence of a hyperemesis syndrome called cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome characterized as intractable vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain in the context of prolonged cannabinoid use. Although the antiemetic properties of cannabis have been known for years, the paradoxical effect of hyperemesis has yet to be elucidated. Herein we discuss the current research, epidemiology, and diagnosis and treatment of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Without timely diagnosis and treatment, patients may experience significant physical and emotional distress, as well as place unnecessary financial burden on the medical system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2019-0097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T09:25:16Z","timestamp":1630488316000},"page":"500-506","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome in Pediatrics: An Emerging Problem"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Kaushal","family":"Dosani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Koletic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabea","family":"Alhosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022051614383692400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00108","article-title":"Cannabis in Chinese medicine: are some traditional indications referenced in ancient literature related to cannabinoids?","volume":"8","author":"Brand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022051614383692400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.108","article-title":"Cannabis in cancer care","volume":"97","author":"Abrams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022051614383692400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.01.004","article-title":"Changes in cannabis potency over the last 2 decades (1995-2014): analysis of current data in the United States","volume":"79","author":"ElSohly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051614383692400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-016-0595-z","article-title":"Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Sorensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022051614383692400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.036350","article-title":"Cannabinoid hyperemesis: cyclical hyperemesis in association with chronic cannabis abuse","volume":"53","author":"Allen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022051614383692400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6708a1","article-title":"Youth risk behavior surveillance\u2014United States, 2017","volume":"67","author":"Kann","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"2022051614383692400_B7","unstructured":"Gould\u2008MR, Berke\u2008J. Skye. This map shows every state that has legalized marijuana. Business Insider website. Available at: https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/legal-marijuana-states-2018-1. Accessed August 29, 2018"},{"issue":"pt 6","key":"2022051614383692400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg143","article-title":"Cannabis and the brain","volume":"126","author":"Iversen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051614383692400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.04.015","article-title":"The role of the endocannabinoid system in the brain-gut axis","volume":"151","author":"Sharkey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051614383692400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707442","article-title":"The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin","volume":"153","author":"Pertwee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2022051614383692400_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.038","article-title":"Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: review of the literature and of cases reported to the French addictovigilance network","volume":"182","author":"Schreck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022051614383692400_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3072163","article-title":"Cannabinoid-induced hyperemesis: a conundrum-from clinical recognition to basic science mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"Darmani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022051614383692400_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1131-7","article-title":"The cannabis hyperemesis syndrome characterized by persistent nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, and compulsive bathing associated with chronic marijuana use: a report of eight cases in the United States","volume":"55","author":"Soriano-Co","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022051614383692400_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.1264","article-title":"Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: clinical diagnosis of an underrecognised manifestation of chronic cannabis abuse","volume":"15","author":"Sontineni","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022051614383692400_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2013.12.013","article-title":"Cannabinoid hyperemesis acute renal failure: a common sequela of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Habboushe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051614383692400_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2017.11.36368","article-title":"Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: public health implications and a novel model treatment guideline","volume":"19","author":"Lapoint","year":"2018","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051614383692400_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.10.005","article-title":"Cannabinoid hyperemesis: a case series of 98 patients","volume":"87","author":"Simonetto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022051614383692400_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01577.x","article-title":"Autonomic nerve function in adults with cyclic vomiting syndrome: a prospective study","volume":"22","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051614383692400_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318173ed39","article-title":"North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of cyclic vomiting syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051614383692400_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2017.12.010","article-title":"Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: pathophysiology and treatment in the emergency department","volume":"54","author":"Richards","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022051614383692400_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2013.02.021","article-title":"Haloperidol for treatment of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Hickey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051614383692400_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0000000000000157","article-title":"Haloperidol, a novel treatment for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Witsil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"2022051614383692400_B23","first-page":"3614053","article-title":"Successful treatment of suspected cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome using haloperidol in the outpatient setting","volume":"2016","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022051614383692400_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2017.1324166","article-title":"Resolution of cannabis hyperemesis syndrome with topical capsaicin in the emergency department: a case series","volume":"55","author":"Dezieck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022051614383692400_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2010.06.100117","article-title":"Cannabinoid hyperemesis and compulsive bathing: a case series and paradoxical pathophysiological explanation","volume":"23","author":"Patterson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022051614383692400_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e3182297d57","article-title":"Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: literature review and proposed diagnosis and treatment algorithm","volume":"104","author":"Wallace","year":"2011","journal-title":"South Med J"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics In Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatricsinreview\/article-pdf\/42\/9\/500\/1152580\/pedsinreview_20190097.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatricsinreview\/article-pdf\/42\/9\/500\/1152580\/pedsinreview_20190097.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T14:39:05Z","timestamp":1652711945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatricsinreview\/article\/42\/9\/500\/179895\/Cannabinoid-Hyperemesis-Syndrome-in-Pediatrics-An"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/pir.2019-0097","relation":{},"ISSN":["0191-9601","1526-3347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0191-9601","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-3347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]}}}