{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T17:29:54Z","timestamp":1749490194221,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2023-006014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T03:07:52Z","timestamp":1706756872000},"page":"85-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Trau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina\u2013Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harvey S.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2020Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"2024020103074448600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007466","article-title":"Practice guideline recommendations summary: treatment of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders","volume":"92","author":"Pringsheim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024020103074448600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01842-2","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders-version 2.0: part I: assessment","volume":"31","author":"Szejko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"volume-title":"Witchcraft, Women & the Healing Arts in the Early Modern Period: A Strange Affliction in Salem","key":"2024020103074448600_B3"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B4","first-page":"366","article-title":"Tolstoy's description of Tourette syndrome in Anna Karenina","volume-title":"J Child Neurol","author":"Hurst","year":"1994"},{"author":"Kramer","key":"2024020103074448600_B5"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024020103074448600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2020.01.353","article-title":"The Marquise de Dampierre identified at last, the first described clinical case of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"176","author":"Walusinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"first-page":"158","year":"1885","author":"de La Tourette","key":"2024020103074448600_B7"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gilles de la Tourette on Tourette syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Goetz","year":"1982","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"issue":"33","key":"2024020103074448600_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154X9800903301","article-title":"Freud and the diagnosis of Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s illness","volume":"9","author":"Kushner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hist Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psycho-analytical observations on tic","volume-title":"Int J Psycho-Analysis","author":"Ferenczi","year":"1921"},{"issue":"508","key":"2024020103074448600_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.114.508.345","article-title":"Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome with haloperidol","volume":"114","author":"Shapiro","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024020103074448600_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2650","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence, age of risk, and genetic relationships of comorbid psychiatric disorders in Tourette syndrome","volume":"72","author":"Hirschtritt","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-820552-5.00017-6","volume-title":"Tics and Tourette Syndrome: Movement Disorders in Childhood","author":"Singer","year":"2022","edition":"3rd ed."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024020103074448600_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.05.002","article-title":"Prevalence of tic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Knight","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"first-page":"497","year":"2009","author":"Bloch","key":"2024020103074448600_B15"},{"issue":"1)(pt 1","key":"2024020103074448600_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.1.14","article-title":"Course of tic severity in Tourette syndrome: the first two decades","volume":"102","author":"Leckman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024020103074448600_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.1.98","article-title":"Premonitory urges in Tourette\u2019s syndrome","volume":"150","author":"Leckman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024020103074448600_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2003.tb00873.x","article-title":"Premonitory sensory phenomena and suppressibility of tics in Tourette syndrome: developmental aspects in children and adolescents","volume":"45","author":"Banaschewski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024020103074448600_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s40474-014-0026-2","article-title":"Sensory phenomena in Tourette syndrome: their role in symptom formation and treatment","volume":"1","author":"Houghton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Dev Disord Rep"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2021.06.017","article-title":"Inter-individual differences in urge-tic associations in Tourette syndrome","volume":"143","author":"Schubert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"first-page":"700","year":"2003","author":"Banaschewski","key":"2024020103074448600_B21"},{"issue":"19","key":"2024020103074448600_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.607","article-title":"Behavior therapy for children with Tourette disorder: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"303","author":"Piacentini","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024020103074448600_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.16070141","article-title":"Neurobiology of the premonitory urge in Tourette\u2019s syndrome: pathophysiology and treatment implications","volume":"29","author":"Cavanna","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024020103074448600_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303033","article-title":"Are premonitory urges a prerequisite of tic inhibition in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome?","volume":"83","author":"Ganos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"year":"2013","key":"2024020103074448600_B25"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024020103074448600_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20711","article-title":"Tic disorders: some key issues for DSM-V","volume":"27","author":"Walkup","year":"2010","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024020103074448600_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28593","article-title":"Is persistent motor or vocal tic disorder a milder form of Tourette syndrome?","volume":"36","author":"Claudio-Campos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B28","first-page":"archdischild-2021-321748","article-title":"COVID-19 related increase in childhood tics and tic-like attacks","author":"Heyman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024020103074448600_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15672","article-title":"European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome 2022 criteria for clinical diagnosis of functional tic-like behaviours: international consensus from experts in tic disorders","volume":"30","author":"Pringsheim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024020103074448600_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000200067","article-title":"Creating a patient-based diagnostic checklist for functional tics during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"12","author":"Trau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024020103074448600_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e686","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000001082","article-title":"Increased incidence of functional (psychogenic) movement disorders in children and adults amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Hull","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024020103074448600_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab316","article-title":"Stop that! it\u2019s not Tourette\u2019s but a new type of mass sociogenic illness","volume":"145","author":"M\u00fcller-Vahl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024020103074448600_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28778","article-title":"Rapid onset functional tic-like behaviors in young females during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"36","author":"Pringsheim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"author":"Singer","key":"2024020103074448600_B34"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B35","first-page":"14","article-title":"The phenomenology of tics and tic-like behavior in TikTok","author":"Vera","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12298","article-title":"Conversion disorder and mass psychogenic illness in child neurology","volume":"1304","author":"Mink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024020103074448600_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-01272-7","article-title":"Tic disorders revisited: introduction of the term \u201ctic spectrum disorders\u201d","volume":"28","author":"M\u00fcller-Vahl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024020103074448600_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/237513","article-title":"Co-morbid disorders in Tourette syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Mol Debes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024020103074448600_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03168.x","article-title":"Understanding disability in Tourette syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Pringsheim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024020103074448600_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200408000-00007","article-title":"Relative contribution of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and tic severity to social and behavioral problems in tic disorders","volume":"25","author":"Hoekstra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S251499","article-title":"Challenges in the diagnosis and assessment in patients with Tourette syndrome and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"17","author":"Szejko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929526","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.929526","article-title":"Tourettic OCD: current understanding and treatment challenges of a unique endophenotype","volume":"13","author":"Katz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024020103074448600_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445505279261","article-title":"Tic or compulsion?: it\u2019s Tourettic OCD","volume":"29","author":"Mansueto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav Modif"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.09.019","article-title":"Rage attacks in Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder: a systematic review","volume":"119","author":"Conte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00415","article-title":"New insights into clinical characteristics of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: findings in 1032 patients from a single German center","volume":"10","author":"Sambrani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024020103074448600_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2008.03.010","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Ghanizadeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2022.12.011","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of children with Tourette syndrome with and without sleep disorder","volume":"141","author":"Ricketts","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024020103074448600_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1759844","article-title":"Impact of Tourette syndrome on education","volume":"54","author":"Lund","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024020103074448600_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-322569","article-title":"Self-injurious behaviour in movement disorders: systematic review","volume":"91","author":"Fischer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024020103074448600_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2020.06.003","article-title":"Sensory hypersensitivity in Tourette syndrome: a review","volume":"42","author":"Isaacs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B51","first-page":"520","article-title":"Inhibitory control and impulsive responses in neurodevelopmental disorders","volume-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","author":"Mirabella","year":"2021"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024020103074448600_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790310077011","article-title":"A twin study of Tourette syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Price","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3)(pt 1","key":"2024020103074448600_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.3.652","article-title":"Relationship of birth weight to the phenotypic expression of Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome in monozygotic twins","volume":"42","author":"Hyde","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024020103074448600_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18070857","article-title":"Interrogating the genetic determinants of Tourette\u2019s syndrome and other tic disorders through genome-wide association studies","volume":"176","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2024020103074448600_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(02)00066-5","article-title":"MRI parcellation of the frontal lobe in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or Tourette syndrome","volume":"116","author":"Kates","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"pt 3","key":"2024020103074448600_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn339","article-title":"Structural changes in the somatosensory system correlate with tic severity in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"132","author":"Thomalla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00362","article-title":"Imaging the where and when of tic generation and resting state networks in adult Tourette patients","volume":"8","author":"Neuner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024020103074448600_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2121","article-title":"Thinning of sensorimotor cortices in children with Tourette syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Sowell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109119","article-title":"Altered structural cerebral cortex in children with Tourette syndrome","volume":"129","author":"Kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024020103074448600_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.77","article-title":"Children with comorbid attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and tic disorder: evidence for additive inhibitory deficits within the motor system","volume":"49","author":"Moll","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024020103074448600_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182104106","article-title":"Abnormal metabolic brain networks in Tourette syndrome","volume":"76","author":"Pourfar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00183","article-title":"PET neuroimaging: insights on dystonia and Tourette syndrome and potential applications","volume":"5","author":"Alongi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024020103074448600_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-020-06017-0","article-title":"Altered frontal-mediated inhibition and white matter connectivity in pediatric chronic tic disorders","volume":"239","author":"Bruce","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.01.001","article-title":"Corticostriatal interactions in the generation of tic-like behaviors after local striatal disinhibition","volume":"265","author":"Pogorelov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024020103074448600_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.08.020","article-title":"Towards a primate model of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: anatomo-behavioural correlation of disorders induced by striatal dysfunction","volume":"49","author":"Worbe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024020103074448600_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26199","article-title":"Selective dysfunction of basal ganglia subterritories: from movement to behavioral disorders","volume":"30","author":"Tremblay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.442","article-title":"Merging the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of tics","volume":"8","author":"Augustine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)"},{"issue":"13","key":"2024020103074448600_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073819862121","article-title":"Controversies surrounding the pathophysiology of tics","volume":"34","author":"Singer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024020103074448600_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.2.264","article-title":"Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections: clinical description of the first 50 cases","volume":"155","author":"Swedo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024020103074448600_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0665.1000113","article-title":"From research subgroup to clinical syndrome: modifying the PANDAS criteria to describe PANS (pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome)","volume":"2","author":"Swedo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Therapeut"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024020103074448600_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.2.227","article-title":"Anti-basal ganglia antibodies in acute and persistent Sydenham\u2019s chorea","volume":"59","author":"Church","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024020103074448600_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1307","article-title":"Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcus: comparison of diagnosis and treatment in the community and at a specialty clinic","volume":"122","author":"Gabbay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024020103074448600_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.04018.x","article-title":"The relationship between group A streptococcal infections and Tourette syndrome: a study on a large service-based cohort","volume":"53","author":"Martino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024020103074448600_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2058","article-title":"Association between streptococcal infection and obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette\u2019s syndrome, and tic disorder","volume":"116","author":"Mell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024020103074448600_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181825a3d","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection: a case-control study among privately insured children","volume":"47","author":"Leslie","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024020103074448600_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e848","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09728","article-title":"Group A streptococcal infections are associated with increased risk of pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders: a Taiwanese population-based cohort study","volume":"77","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024020103074448600_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e578","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.6.e578","article-title":"Prospective longitudinal study of children with tic disorders and\/or obsessive-compulsive disorder: relationship of symptom exacerbations to newly acquired streptococcal infections","volume":"113","author":"Luo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024020103074448600_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.10.011","article-title":"Streptococcal upper respiratory tract infections and exacerbations of tic and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a prospective longitudinal study","volume":"50","author":"Leckman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024020103074448600_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1680","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011610","article-title":"Association of group A Streptococcus exposure and exacerbations of chronic tic disorders: a multinational prospective cohort study","volume":"96","author":"Martino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024020103074448600_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1175","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013298","article-title":"Lack of association of group A streptococcal infections and onset of tics: European Multicenter Tics in Children Study","volume":"98","author":"Schrag","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B81","first-page":"279","article-title":"Relationship of movements and behaviors to group A streptococcus infections in elementary school children","volume-title":"Biol Psychiatry","author":"Murphy","year":"2007"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024020103074448600_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.9.848","article-title":"Does group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection increase risk for behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms in children?","volume":"158","author":"Perrin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024020103074448600_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2657","article-title":"Streptococcal infection and exacerbations of childhood tics and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a prospective blinded cohort study","volume":"121","author":"Kurlan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024020103074448600_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1086\/650167","article-title":"The human immune response to streptococcal extracellular antigens: clinical, diagnostic, and potential pathogenetic implications","volume":"50","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024020103074448600_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0120499","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120499","article-title":"Neuronal antibody biomarkers for Sydenham\u2019s chorea identify a new group of children with chronic recurrent episodic acute exacerbations of tic and obsessive compulsive symptoms following a streptococcal infection","volume":"10","author":"Singer","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024020103074448600_B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2017.08.003","article-title":"Autoantibody-associated movement disorders in children: proven and proposed","volume":"24","author":"Singer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024020103074448600_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.0048","article-title":"Antineuronal antibodies in a heterogeneous group of youth and young adults with tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"25","author":"Cox","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2024020103074448600_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2013.09.010","article-title":"Anti-streptococcal, tubulin, and dopamine receptor 2 antibodies in children with PANDAS and Tourette syndrome: single-point and longitudinal assessments","volume":"264","author":"Morris-Berry","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00564","article-title":"Autoantibody biomarkers for basal ganglia encephalitis in Sydenham chorea and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections","volume":"11","author":"Chain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B90","first-page":"31","article-title":"Biomarkers for diagnosis of pediatric acute neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS): sensitivity and specificity of the Cunningham Panel","volume-title":"J Neuroimmunol","author":"Hesselmark","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.577138","article-title":"Evaluation of the Cunningham Panel\u2122 in pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) and pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS): changes in antineuronal antibody titers parallel changes in patient symptoms","volume":"339","author":"Shimasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024020103074448600_B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2016.0151","article-title":"Clinical management of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome: part III-treatment and prevention of infections","volume":"27","author":"Cooperstock","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024020103074448600_B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2016.0148","article-title":"Clinical management of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome: part II-use of immunomodulatory therapies","volume":"27","author":"Frankovich","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024020103074448600_B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201402700307","article-title":"Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with group A streptococcal infection: the role of surgical treatment","volume":"27","author":"Pavone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B95","first-page":"1564","article-title":"A pilot study of penicillin prophylaxis for neuropsychiatric exacerbations triggered by streptococcal infections","volume-title":"Biol Psychiatry","author":"Garvey","year":"1999"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024020103074448600_B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.017","article-title":"Randomized, controlled trial of intravenous immunoglobulin for pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections","volume":"55","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024020103074448600_B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.0010","article-title":"Cefdinir for recent-onset pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders: a pilot randomized trial","volume":"25","author":"Murphy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B98","first-page":"788","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis with azithromycin or penicillin for childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorders","volume-title":"Biol Psychiatry","author":"Snider","year":"2005"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B99","first-page":"917","article-title":"Regarding \u201cantibiotic prophylaxis with azithromycin or penicillin for childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorders","volume-title":"Biol Psychiatry","author":"Budman","year":"2005"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B100","first-page":"51","article-title":"Treatment of PANDAS and PANS: a systematic review","volume-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev","author":"Sigra","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024020103074448600_B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.0080","article-title":"Therapeutic plasma apheresis as a treatment for 35 severely ill children and adolescents with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections","volume":"25","author":"Latimer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024020103074448600_B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073819848635","article-title":"Inflammation in tic disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder: are PANS and PANDAS a path forward?","volume":"34","author":"Gilbert","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024020103074448600_B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26891","article-title":"Systematic review of severity scales and screening instruments for tics: critique and recommendations","volume":"32","author":"Martino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626459","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.626459","article-title":"Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS): psychometric quality of the gold standard for tic assessment based on the Large-Scale EMTICS Study","volume":"12","author":"Haas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024020103074448600_B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2013.08.012","article-title":"Detecting a clinically meaningful change in tic severity in Tourette syndrome: a comparison of three methods","volume":"36","author":"Jeon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024020103074448600_B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2010.0149","article-title":"Defining treatment response in pediatric tic disorders: a signal detection analysis of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale","volume":"21","author":"Storch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024020103074448600_B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01845-z","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders-version 2.0: part II: psychological interventions","volume":"31","author":"Andr\u00e9n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024020103074448600_B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01899-z","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders-version 2.0: part III: pharmacological treatment","volume":"31","author":"Roessner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"19","key":"2024020103074448600_B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007467","article-title":"Comprehensive systematic review summary: treatment of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders","volume":"92","author":"Pringsheim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024020103074448600_B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22487","article-title":"Determinants of quality of life in children with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Bernard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024020103074448600_B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13155","article-title":"Effects of comorbidity on Tourette\u2019s tic severity and quality of life","volume":"140","author":"Huisman-van Dijk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"13","key":"2024020103074448600_B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22724","article-title":"Complementary and alternative medicine use in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Kompoliti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024020103074448600_B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2021.1958120","article-title":"Patterns of nutritional supplement use in children with Tourette syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Diet Suppl"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024020103074448600_B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073820913670","article-title":"Use of complementary and alternative medicine in children with Tourette syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024020103074448600_B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2004.14.582","article-title":"Nutritional supplements and complementary\/alternative medicine in Tourette syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Mantel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S212322","article-title":"Clinical improvement following vitamin D3 supplementation in children with chronic tic disorders","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B117","first-page":"7121900","article-title":"Correlation between serum levels of vitamin A and vitamin D with disease severity in tic disorder children","volume":"2022","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024020103074448600_B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01757-y","article-title":"Vitamin D levels in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders: a multicentre study","volume":"31","author":"Bond","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-10-16","article-title":"New therapeutic approach to Tourette syndrome in children based on a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind phase IV study of the effectiveness and safety of magnesium and vitamin B6","volume":"10","author":"Garcia-Lopez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B120","first-page":"689","article-title":"An open study evaluating the efficacy and security of magnesium and vitamin B(6) as a treatment of Tourette syndrome in children [in Spanish]","volume-title":"Med Clin (Barc)","author":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024020103074448600_B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040852","article-title":"Use of nutritional supplements based on L-theanine and vitamin B6 in children with Tourette syndrome, with anxiety disorders: a pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Rizzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024020103074448600_B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2015.0109","article-title":"N-Acetylcysteine in the treatment of pediatric Tourette syndrome: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled add-on trial","volume":"26","author":"Bloch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024020103074448600_B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1493","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3384","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of \u03c9-3 fatty acids in Tourette\u2019s disorder","volume":"129","author":"Gabbay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024020103074448600_B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050573","article-title":"Efficacy of a gluten-free diet in the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024020103074448600_B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1528","article-title":"Randomized trial of behavior therapy for adults with Tourette syndrome","volume":"69","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780195341287.001.0001","volume-title":"Managing Tourette Syndrome: A Behavioral Intervention for Children and Adults: Therapist Guide","author":"Woods","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024020103074448600_B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(73)90119-8","article-title":"Habit-reversal: a method of eliminating nervous habits and tics","volume":"11","author":"Azrin","year":"1973","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B128","first-page":"1189","article-title":"The therapeutic effect of habit reversal training for Tourette syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials","volume-title":"Expert Rev Neurother","author":"Yu","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B129","first-page":"106","article-title":"A meta-analysis of behavior therapy for Tourette syndrome","volume-title":"J Psychiatr Res","author":"McGuire","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024020103074448600_B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e024685","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024685","article-title":"Therapist-guided and parent-guided internet-delivered behaviour therapy for paediatric Tourette\u2019s disorder: a pilot randomised controlled trial with long-term follow-up","volume":"9","author":"Andr\u00e9n","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024020103074448600_B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01532-5","article-title":"Tackle your Tics: pilot findings of a brief, intensive group-based exposure therapy program for children with tic disorders","volume":"30","author":"Heijerman-Holtgrefe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B132","first-page":"565","article-title":"A randomized pilot trial comparing videoconference versus face-to-face delivery of behavior therapy for childhood tic disorders","volume-title":"Behav Res Ther","author":"Himle","year":"2012"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B133","first-page":"153","article-title":"A randomized waitlist-controlled pilot trial of voice over Internet protocol-delivered behavior therapy for youth with chronic tic disorders","volume-title":"J Telemed Telecare","author":"Ricketts","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2019.12.015","article-title":"Efficacy of parent-delivered, home-based therapy for tics","volume":"106","author":"Singer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B135","first-page":"45","article-title":"Guanfacine as an alpha-2-agonist inducer of growth hormone secretion: a comparison with clonidine","volume-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","author":"Balldin","year":"1993"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024020103074448600_B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2017.03.003","article-title":"Clonidine adhesive patch for the treatment of tic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024020103074448600_B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811211032445","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment for Tourette syndrome in children and adults: what is the quality of the evidence? a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Besag","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024020103074448600_B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2017.0024","article-title":"Extended-release guanfacine does not show a large effect on tic severity in children with chronic tic disorders","volume":"27","author":"Murphy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024020103074448600_B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2019.0161","article-title":"Revisiting the efficacy and tolerability of topiramate for tic disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024020103074448600_B140","first-page":"578","article-title":"A case of tic of Gilles de la Tourette cured by R 1625 [in French]","volume":"119","author":"Seignot","year":"1961","journal-title":"Ann Med Psychol (Paris)"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.459","article-title":"Prescriptions for Alpha agonists and antipsychotics in children and youth with tic disorders: a pharmacoepidemiologic study","volume-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)","author":"Cothros","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B142","first-page":"07","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of antipsychotic drugs for tic disorders: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry","author":"Yang","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024020103074448600_B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2022059574","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-059574","article-title":"Ecopipam for Tourette syndrome: a randomized trial","volume":"151","author":"Gilbert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024020103074448600_B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25692","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of fluphenazine in patients with Tourette syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Wijemanne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024020103074448600_B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31825ac2cb","article-title":"Aripiprazole for the treatment of Tourette syndrome: a case series of 100 patients","volume":"32","author":"Wenzel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024020103074448600_B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxy145","article-title":"PANDAS\/PANS in childhood: controversies and evidence","volume":"24","author":"Wilbur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024020103074448600_B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2129397","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.29397","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of fixed-dose deutetrabenazine in children and adolescents for tics associated with Tourette syndrome: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"Coffey","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024020103074448600_B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2021.1898948","article-title":"Clinical development of valbenazine for tics associated with Tourette syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Farber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024020103074448600_B149","first-page":"CD012285","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for motor and phonic tics in Tourette\u2019s syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Pandey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575826","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.575826","article-title":"The CANNA-TICS Study Protocol: a randomized multi-center double-blind placebo controlled trial to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of nabiximols in the treatment of adults with chronic tic disorders","volume":"11","author":"Jakubovski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"14","key":"2024020103074448600_B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011704","article-title":"The 5 pillars in Tourette syndrome deep brain stimulation patient selection: present and future","volume":"96","author":"Martino","year":"2021","journal-title":"neurology"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769275","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.769275","article-title":"Target-specific effects of deep brain stimulation for Tourette syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Wehmeyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024020103074448600_B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10952","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy of deep brain stimulation, repeat transcranial magnetic stimulation, and behavioral therapy in Tourette syndrome: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024020103074448600_B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01881-9","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders-version 2.0: part IV: deep brain stimulation","volume":"31","author":"Szejko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024020103074448600_B155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-021-06229-y","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation as therapy: systematic review and recommendations with a focus on the treatment of Tourette syndrome","volume":"240","author":"Dyke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024020103074448600_B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e053156","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053156","article-title":"Targeted Interventions in Tourette\u2019s using Advanced Neuroimaging and Stimulation (TITANS): study protocol for a double-blind, randomised controlled trial of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the supplementary motor area in children with Tourette\u2019s syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Kahl","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2024020103074448600_B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114684","article-title":"Estimating the number of people with Tourette syndrome and persistent tic disorder in the United States","volume":"314","author":"Tinker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024020103074448600_B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.01.010","article-title":"Course of Tourette syndrome and comorbidities in a large prospective clinical study","volume":"56","author":"Groth","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics in Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatricsinreview\/article-pdf\/45\/2\/85\/1592754\/pedsinreview.2023006014.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatricsinreview\/article-pdf\/45\/2\/85\/1592754\/pedsinreview.2023006014.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T03:08:52Z","timestamp":1706756932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatricsinreview\/article\/45\/2\/85\/196473\/Tourette-Syndrome-and-Tic-Disorders"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"references-count":158,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/pir.2023-006014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0191-9601","1526-3347"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0191-9601"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1526-3347"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]}}}