{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T23:43:46Z","timestamp":1779925426496,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Disorders of hypopigmentation are relatively common in children. Hypopigmentation refers to decreased pigmentation compared with surrounding skin, and depigmentation refers to a complete loss of pigmentation. The most common acquired causes include post-inflammatory hypopigmentation, pityriasis alba, vitiligo, tinea versicolor, and halo nevi. Commonly, congenital hypopigmented lesions may be attributed to pigmentary mosaicism, a term that refers to hypo- or hyperpigmentation resulting from somatic mosaicism. Pigmentary mosaicism most commonly occurs without syndromic association, such as in the case of nevus depigmentosus; however, rarely it can occur as part of a syndrome that may require further workup with genetic testing, such as with the hypomelanotic macules of tuberous sclerosis complex. Although most of the conditions causing hypopigmentation and depigmentation in children are benign, rare instances may be associated with syndromes or rare dermatoses that require further workup by a specialist. Given their common presentation to the general pediatrician, this article aims to cover the most common causes of hypo- and depigmentation in children, along with their differentiating features, natural history and prognosis, first-line treatment, and indications for further evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2024-006426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:03:05Z","timestamp":1759276985000},"page":"545-556","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Common Causes of Hypopigmentation in Children"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Paige","family":"Kingston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madison","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minnelly","family":"Luu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California"},{"name":"3Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2025100910415100100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1159\/000528180","article-title":"Prevalence of vitiligo among children and adolescents in the United States","volume":"239","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatology."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025100910415100100_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.07.010","article-title":"Childhood- and later-onset vitiligo have diverse epidemiologic and clinical characteristics","volume":"66","author":"Nicolaidou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"issue":"9988","key":"2025100910415100100_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60763-7","article-title":"Vitiligo","volume":"386","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025100910415100100_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11002.x","article-title":"Pre- vs. post-pubertal onset of vitiligo: multivariate analysis indicates atopic diathesis association in pre-pubertal onset vitiligo","volume":"167","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025100910415100100_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2003.20304.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of childhood vitiligo: a study of 625 patients from north India","volume":"20","author":"Handa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025100910415100100_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.05.038","article-title":"Early-onset childhood vitiligo is associated with a more extensive and progressive course","volume":"73","author":"Mu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025100910415100100_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2013.11.008","article-title":"Pediatric vitiligo","volume":"61","author":"Silverberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025100910415100100_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.103067","article-title":"Childhood vitiligo: treatment paradigms","volume":"57","author":"Kanwar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2023197","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1304a197","article-title":"Dermatoscopic patterns in vitiligo","volume":"13","author":"God\u00ednez-Chaparro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatol Pract Concept."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025100910415100100_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-021-00631-6","article-title":"Psychosocial effects of vitiligo: a systematic literature review","volume":"22","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2025100910415100100_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0241445","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241445","article-title":"Vitiligo and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Kussainova","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2025100910415100100_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6663646","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6663646","article-title":"Meta-analytic review of high anxiety comorbidity among patients with vitiligo","volume":"2021","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025100910415100100_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15199","article-title":"Vitiligo and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"177","author":"Lai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2024.0021","article-title":"Expert recommendations on use of topical therapeutics for vitiligo in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients","volume":"160","author":"Renert-Yuval","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"2025100910415100100_r15","author":"Protopic (tacrolimus)","year":"2000"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025100910415100100_r16","first-page":"CD009864","article-title":"Topical tacrolimus for atopic dermatitis","volume":"2015","author":"Cury Martins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"issue":"12","key":"2025100910415100100_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-019-00845-x","article-title":"Efficacy of the topical calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and pimecrolimus in the treatment of vitiligo in infants under 2\u00a0years of age: a randomized, open-label pilot study","volume":"39","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig."},{"key":"2025100910415100100_r18","author":"Opzelura (ruxolitinib)","year":"2022"},{"issue":"16","key":"2025100910415100100_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2118828","article-title":"Two phase 3, randomized, controlled trials of ruxolitinib ream for vitiligo","volume":"387","author":"Rosmarin","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"2025100910415100100_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(00)90133-6","article-title":"Treatment of generalized vitiligo in children with narrow-band (TL-01) UVB radiation therapy","volume":"42","author":"Njoo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025100910415100100_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-015-0164-2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of 308-nm monochromatic excimer lamp versus other phototherapy devices for vitiligo: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Lopes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2025100910415100100_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2017.0002","article-title":"Phototherapy for vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"153","author":"Bae","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025100910415100100_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.12.041","article-title":"The Vitiligo Working Group recommendations for narrowband ultraviolet B light phototherapy treatment of vitiligo","volume":"76","author":"Mohammad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2004.tb00674.x","article-title":"Treatment of vitiligo with 308- nm xenon-chloride excimer laser: therapeutic efficacy of different initial doses according to treatment areas","volume":"31","author":"Choi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2014.991268","article-title":"Treatment of 308-nm excimer laser on vitiligo: a systemic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"26","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025100910415100100_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2011.00587.x","article-title":"The effect of 308nm excimer laser on segmental vitiligo: a retrospective study of 80 patients with segmental vitiligo","volume":"27","author":"Do","year":"2011","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025100910415100100_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13408","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13408","article-title":"Excimer light therapy in childhood segmental vitiligo: early treatment gives better results","volume":"33","author":"Majid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2013.12053","article-title":"Low-dose oral mini-pulse dexamethasone therapy in progressive unstable vitiligo","volume":"17","author":"Kanwar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12166","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid disease in vitiligo: multivariate analysis indicates intricate pathomechanisms","volume":"168","author":"Gey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2025100910415100100_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2011.04088.x","article-title":"Postinflammatory hypopigmentation","volume":"36","author":"Vachiramon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025100910415100100_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15987","article-title":"Psychological disturbances in patients with pigmentary disorders: a cross-sectional study","volume":"34","author":"Dabas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.15345","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological profile of lichen striatus in children-experience from a tertiary care hospital","volume":"40","author":"Mendiratta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2025100910415100100_r33","first-page":"536","article-title":"Lichen striatus: clinical features and follow-up in 12 patients","volume":"10","author":"Hauber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025100910415100100_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0736-8046.2004.21302.x","article-title":"Lichen striatus: clinical and laboratory features of 115 children","volume":"21","author":"Patrizi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol."},{"key":"2025100910415100100_r35","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Givler","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025100910415100100_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2002.00494.x","article-title":"Pityriasis alba: a study of pathogenic factors","volume":"16","author":"Blessmann Weber","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2022.101301","article-title":"Identification of Malassezia species isolated from some Malassezia associated skin diseases","volume":"32","author":"Hamdino","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Mycol Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025100910415100100_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2019.128","article-title":"Phenotypic identification and molecular characterization of Malassezia spp. isolated from pityriasis versicolor patients with special emphasis to risk factors in Diyala Province, Iraq","volume":"7","author":"Awad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Access Maced J Med Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025100910415100100_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2022.101246","article-title":"Epidemiology of pityriasis versicolor in Tunisia: clinical features and characterization of Malassezia species","volume":"32","author":"Chebil","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Mycol Med."},{"key":"2025100910415100100_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2021.10.008","article-title":"Generalized tinea versicolor following initiation of ixekizumab therapy","volume":"18","author":"Alam","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r41","first-page":"366","article-title":"Blaschkoid pityriasis versicolor","volume":"53","author":"Tan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mycoses."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025100910415100100_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070","article-title":"Acquired disorders with hypopigmentation: a clinical approach to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"80","author":"Saleem","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r43","first-page":"208","article-title":"Clinico-epidermiological studies on tinea versicolor","volume":"68","author":"Rao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025100910415100100_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1991.tb00831.x","article-title":"Pityriasis versicolor in the pediatric age","volume":"8","author":"Terragni","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025100910415100100_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.004","article-title":"Tinea versicolor, tinea nigra, white piedra, and black piedra","volume":"28","author":"Bonifaz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025100910415100100_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12345","article-title":"Tinea versicolor in dark-skinned individuals","volume":"53","author":"Kallini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025100910415100100_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(03)00039-1","article-title":"Pityriasis versicolor","volume":"21","author":"Gupta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025100910415100100_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2002.00378.x","article-title":"Pityriasis versicolor","volume":"16","author":"Gupta","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r49","first-page":"277","article-title":"Infantile hypopigmented pityriasis versicolor: two uncommon cases","volume":"54","author":"Abdollahimajd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk Pediatri Ars."},{"issue":"10","key":"2025100910415100100_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMicm1501201","article-title":"Tinea versicolor","volume":"374","author":"Holliday","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025100910415100100_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70267-1","article-title":"Ketoconazole 2% shampoo in the treatment of tinea versicolor: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Lange","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2025100910415100100_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.259","article-title":"Pityriasis versicolor: a systematic review of interventions","volume":"146","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025100910415100100_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651990000300006","article-title":"Itraconazol no tratamento da pitir\u00edase versicolor: compara\u00e7\u00e3o entre 5 e 7 dias de tratamento [Itraconazole in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor: comparison between 5 and 7 days of treatment]","volume":"32","author":"Cuc\u00e9","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S\u00e3o Paulo."},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"2025100910415100100_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90014-6","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation of short-term treatment with oral itraconazole in patients with tinea versicolor","volume":"34","author":"Hickman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2025100910415100100_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/9.Supplement_1.S131","article-title":"Pityriasis versicolor: efficacy of two five-day regimens of itraconazole","volume":"9","author":"Morales-Doria","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2022.02.005","article-title":"Pigmentary mosaicism","volume":"40","author":"Schaffer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol."},{"key":"2025100910415100100_r57","first-page":"382","article-title":"Somatic mosaicism: implications for disease and transmission genetics [published correction appears in Trends Genet. 2016 Feb;32(2):138] [published correction appears in Trends Genet","volume-title":"Trends Genet.","author":"Campbell","year":"2015"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025100910415100100_r58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680320094012","article-title":"Mosaicism in human skin. Understanding the patterns and mechanisms","volume":"129","author":"Happle","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025100910415100100_r59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2023.01.006","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 47 children with pigmentary mosaicism: A cross-sectional study","volume":"150","author":"Yorulmaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025100910415100100_r60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(89)90350-9","article-title":"The gene for incontinentia pigmenti is assigned to Xq28","volume":"4","author":"Sefiani","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genomics."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025100910415100100_r61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.23736\/S2784-8671.20.06681-X","article-title":"Nevus depigmentosus: the analysis of 37 cases","volume":"156","author":"Sharquie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital J Dermatol Venereol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2008.02714.x","article-title":"Clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural characteristics of naevus depigmentosus","volume":"33","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol."},{"issue":"9639","key":"2025100910415100100_r63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61279-9","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis","volume":"372","author":"Curatolo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025100910415100100_r64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1086\/316951","article-title":"Mutational analysis in a cohort of 224 tuberous sclerosis patients indicates increased severity of TSC2, compared with TSC1, disease in multiple organs","volume":"68","author":"Dabora","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet."},{"issue":"10","key":"2025100910415100100_r65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.938","article-title":"Dermatologic and dental aspects of the 2012 International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Statements","volume":"150","author":"Teng","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025100910415100100_r66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.05.004","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis complex: advances in diagnosis, genetics, and management","volume":"57","author":"Schwartz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.08.001","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis complex diagnostic criteria update: recommendations of the 2012 International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Conference","volume":"49","author":"Northrup","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2025100910415100100_r68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380001501001","article-title":"Hypomelanosis of Ito: clinical syndrome or just phenotype?","volume":"15","author":"Ruggieri","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Child Neurol."},{"key":"2025100910415100100_r69","article-title":"Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles","author":"Center for Personalized Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025100910415100100_r70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09702.x","article-title":"Segmental pigmentation disorder","volume":"162","author":"Hogeling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025100910415100100_r71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.02.024","article-title":"A male infant with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia\/immunodeficiency accompanied by incontinentia pigmenti and a mutation in the NEMO pathway","volume":"58","author":"Chang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025100910415100100_r72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2006.04.013","article-title":"NEMO, NFkappaB signaling and incontinentia pigmenti","volume":"16","author":"Nelson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Genet Dev."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)70181-6","article-title":"The immune response in halo nevi","volume":"37","author":"Zeff","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.11.937","article-title":"The natural history of halo nevi: a retrospective case series","volume":"67","author":"Aouthmany","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1995.tb01417.x","article-title":"Halo nevus or halo phenomenon? A study of 142 cases","volume":"22","author":"Mooney","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025100910415100100_r76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1973.03220310013003","article-title":"Halo nevi and melanoma","volume":"225","author":"Epstein","year":"1973","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025100910415100100_r77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.110276","article-title":"Typical halo nevi in childhood: is a biopsy necessary?","volume":"138","author":"Lai","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr."}],"container-title":["Pediatrics in Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatricsinreview\/article-pdf\/46\/10\/545\/1857552\/pedsinreview.2024006426.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatricsinreview\/article-pdf\/46\/10\/545\/1857552\/pedsinreview.2024006426.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T14:42:06Z","timestamp":1760020926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatricsinreview\/article\/46\/10\/545\/204466\/Common-Causes-of-Hypopigmentation-in-Children"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/pir.2024-006426","relation":{},"ISSN":["0191-9601","1526-3347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0191-9601","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-3347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}}}