{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:10:52Z","timestamp":1791497452793,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Each year in the United States, \u223c3500 infants die of sleep-related infant deaths, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision [ICD-10] R95), ill-defined deaths (ICD-10 R99), and accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed (ICD-10 W75). After a substantial decline in sleep-related deaths in the 1990s, the overall death rate attributable to sleep-related infant deaths has remained stagnant since 2000, and disparities persist. The triple risk model proposes that SIDS occurs when an infant with intrinsic vulnerability (often manifested by impaired arousal, cardiorespiratory, and\/or autonomic responses) undergoes an exogenous trigger event (eg, exposure to an unsafe sleeping environment) during a critical developmental period. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a safe sleep environment to reduce the risk of all sleep-related deaths. This includes supine positioning; use of a firm, noninclined sleep surface; room sharing without bed sharing; and avoidance of soft bedding and overheating. Additional recommendations for SIDS risk reduction include human milk feeding; avoidance of exposure to nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, opioids, and illicit drugs; routine immunization; and use of a pacifier. New recommendations are presented regarding noninclined sleep surfaces, short-term emergency sleep locations, use of cardboard boxes as a sleep location, bed sharing, substance use, home cardiorespiratory monitors, and tummy time. Additional information to assist parents, physicians, and nonphysician clinicians in assessing the risk of specific bed-sharing situations is also included. The recommendations and strength of evidence for each recommendation are included in this policy statement. The rationale for these recommendations is discussed in detail in the accompanying technical report.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-057990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T04:16:51Z","timestamp":1655785011000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":217,"title":["Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Updated 2022 Recommendations for Reducing Infant Deaths in the Sleep Environment"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Rachel Y.","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca F.","family":"Carlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Hand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cDepartment of Pediatrics, SUNY-Downstate College of Medicine, NYC Health + Hospitals |Kings County, Brooklyn, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"THE TASK FORCE ON SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME AND THE COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2023110816082053500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.3109\/15513819109065465","article-title":"Defining the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): deliberations of an expert panel convened by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","volume":"11","author":"Willinger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatr Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023110816082053500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-019-00156-9","article-title":"Inconsistent classification of unexplained sudden deaths in infants and children hinders surveillance, prevention and research: recommendations from The 3rd International Congress on Sudden Infant and Child Death","volume":"15","author":"Goldstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"key":"2023110816082053500_B3","volume-title":"National Association of Medical Examiners\u2019 Panel on Sudden Unexpected Death in Pediatrics, Unexplained Pediatric Deaths: Investigation, Certification, and Family Needs","author":"Bundock","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023110816082053500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2021053746","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-053746","article-title":"Half Century Since SIDS: A Reappraisal of Terminology","volume":"148","author":"Shapiro-Mendoza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"2023110816082053500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1159\/000244052","article-title":"A perspective on neuropathologic findings in victims of the sudden infant death syndrome: the triple-risk model","volume":"65","author":"Filiano","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"key":"2023110816082053500_B6","unstructured":"United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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