{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T22:13:37Z","timestamp":1785017617689,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Radcliffe Medical Media Ltd","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Heart failure is a growing problem in sub-Saharan Africa. This arises as the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease rises, life expectancy increases and causes of heart failure more common in Africa, such as rheumatic heart disease and endomyocardial fibrosis, continue to be a significant issue. Lack of access to diagnostics is an issue with the expense and technical expertise required for echocardiography limiting access. Biomarker strategies may play a role here. Access to essential medicines is also limited and requires a renewed focus by the international community to ensure that appropriate medications are readily available, similar to that which has been implemented for HIV and malaria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2018:4:1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]],"date-time":"2018-03-22T14:06:05Z","timestamp":1521727565000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Heart Failure in Sub-Saharan Africa"],"prefix":"10.15420","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"gHealth Research Group, University College, Dublin, Ireland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"McDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Heartbeat Trust, Dun Laoghaire, Co Dublin, Ireland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Ledwidge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Heartbeat Trust, Dun Laoghaire, Co Dublin, Ireland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris J","family":"Watson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6096","reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.07.030","article-title":"Heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa: time for action","volume":"50","author":"Damasceno","year":"2007","unstructured":"1. 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Classification of heart failure in population based research: an assessment of six heart failure scores. Eur J Epidemiol 1997;13:491-502.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(85)90115-8","article-title":"An analysis of physicians' reasons for prescribing long-term digitalis therapy in outpatients","volume":"38","author":"Carlson","year":"1985","unstructured":"26. Carlson KJ, Lee DC, Goroll AH, et al. An analysis of physicians' reasons for prescribing long-term digitalis therapy in outpatients. J Chronic Dis 1985;38:733-9.","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-86-2-133","article-title":"Chronic congestive heart failure in coronary artery disease: clinical criteria","volume":"86","author":"Harlan","year":"1977","unstructured":"27. Harlan WR, Oberman A, Grimm R, Rosati RA. 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Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail 2016;18:891-975.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"30. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2013 ACCF\/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J AM Coll Cardiol 2013;62:e147-239."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-310913","article-title":"Capacity for diagnosis and treatment of heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"103","author":"Carlson","year":"2017","unstructured":"31. 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