{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T11:51:44Z","timestamp":1784289104344,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Radcliffe Medical Media Ltd","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Card Fail Rev"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The main focus of cardio-oncology has been the prevention and treatment of the cardiac toxicity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Furthermore, several targeted therapies have been associated with unexpected cardiotoxic side-effects. Recently, epidemiological studies reported a higher incidence of cancer in patients with heart failure (HF) compared with individuals without HF. On this basis, it has been proposed that HF might represent an oncogenic condition. This hypothesis is supported by preclinical studies demonstrating that hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system, which is a hallmark of HF, promotes cancer growth and dissemination. Another intriguing possibility is that the co-occurrence of HF and cancer is promoted by a common pathological milieu characterised by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, which predisposes to both diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying the bidirectional relationship between HF and cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2019.1.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T08:19:07Z","timestamp":1559117947000},"page":"106-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Bidirectional Relationship Between Cancer and Heart Failure: Old and New Issues in Cardio-oncology"],"prefix":"10.15420","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Bertero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Ameri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino \u2013 IRCCS Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genova, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Maack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany;","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6096","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heart failure epidemiology 2000-2013: insights from the German Federal Health Monitoring System","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.567"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cancer statistics, 2016","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21332"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cardiovascular disease among survivors of adult-onset cancer: a community-based retrospective cohort study","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.64.0409"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cancer diagnosis in patients with heart failure: epidemiology, clinical implications and gaps in knowledge","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1165"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Treatment of patients with myocardial infarction depends on history of cancer","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872617729636"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Incidence of cancer in patients with chronic heart failure: a long-term follow-up study","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.472"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Patients with heart failure have an increased risk of incident cancer","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.04.088"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heart failure after myocardial infarction is associated with increased risk of cancer","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.04.053"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"9. 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