{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:54:32Z","timestamp":1790816072772,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Radcliffe Medical Media Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Card Fail Rev"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enteroviruses are a frequent source of infection and among the most common central nervous system viral pathogens. Enteroviruses \u2013 in particular, the Coxsackie B viruses \u2013 are a known cause of myocarditis. Rituximab is a genetically engineered chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. Many reports in the literature suggest a higher risk of infection following repeated rituximab therapy, including viral infection. However, observations of enterovirus-related myocarditis in the context of rituximab treatment are scarce. The authors describe the case of a patient with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder who developed severe and fatal enterovirus-related myocarditis after rituximab therapy with a difficult differential diagnosis of autoimmune or giant-cell myocarditis. This case highlights the importance of complete diagnostic workup in difficult cases of myocarditis, including endomyocardial biopsies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2020.33","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T15:29:05Z","timestamp":1620833345000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Fatal Enterovirus-related Myocarditis in a Patient with Devic\u2019s Syndrome Treated with Rituximab"],"prefix":"10.15420","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5468-0695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ava","family":"Diarra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical immunology, Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Maladies Autoimmunes Syst\u00e9miques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), CHU Lille, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2973-6348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Gantois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Anaesthesia and Resuscitation, CHU Lille, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1534-9323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mouna","family":"Lazrek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, CHU Lille, Lille University, EA3610, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basile","family":"Verdier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, CHU Lille, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0881-0695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Elsermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, CHU Lille, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4029-2012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Zephir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRC-SEP, CHU Lille, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0340-5404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Long\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Radiology, CHU Lille, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xristos","family":"Gkizas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Radiology, CHU Lille, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8213-7865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Goeminne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, CHU Lille, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2917-9273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilles","family":"Lemesle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, CHU Lille, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5072-9073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francis","family":"Juthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, CHU Lille, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johana","family":"Bene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance, CHU Lille, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1840-1817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Launay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical immunology, Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Maladies Autoimmunes Syst\u00e9miques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), CHU Lille, Lille, France; Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation (INFINITE \u2013 U1286), Lille, France; Inserm, Lille, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Pathology, CHU Lille, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8793-0566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandrine","family":"Morell-Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical immunology, Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Maladies Autoimmunes Syst\u00e9miques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), CHU Lille, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3908-7655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanny","family":"Vuotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Lille, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Laure","family":"Piton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical immunology, Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Maladies Autoimmunes Syst\u00e9miques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), CHU Lille, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6096","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patterson SL, Goglin SE. 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