{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T08:25:45Z","timestamp":1793953545973,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Radcliffe Medical Media Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR-2021-12375403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR-2021-12375403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Card Fail Rev"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite therapeutic and technological advances, the prognosis for patients with heart failure (HF) remains poor. One reason for this poor prognosis lies in the limited usage of disease-modifying therapies, such as \u03b2-blockers, renin\u2013angiotensin system inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, namely guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT). Concurrently, technological advances have led to the development of numerous strategies for both invasive and non-invasive telemonitoring of HF patients, potentially intercepting a phase of decompensation before its overt clinical manifestation. As clinical guidelines and the healthcare landscape continue to evolve, HF management is increasingly focusing on integrating advanced technologies and empowering patients and care teams. Traditionally, diuretics have been the cornerstone of preventing HF decompensation because of their decongestive effects. However, emerging evidence suggests that the components of GDMT also exert decongestive effects, alongside their broader positive prognostic impact. The synergistic relationship between GDMT and telemonitoring devices offers a promising approach to congestion management. By adopting protocols that leverage both the pharmacological and non-pharmacological mechanisms of GDMT, care teams can maximise patient outcomes while addressing therapeutic inertia. This narrative review explores the potential for a paradigm shift, emphasising the early and consistent implementation of GDMT, supported by digital health solutions, to improve outcomes from the early stages of HF decompensation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2025.01","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T10:05:06Z","timestamp":1747389906000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Device-based Strategies for Monitoring Congestion and Guideline-directed Therapy in Heart Failure: The Who, When and How of Personalised Care"],"prefix":"10.15420","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1587-831X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renzo","family":"Laborante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Science, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9097-5287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attilio","family":"Restivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Science, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Mele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of University Cardiology, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant\u2019Ambrogio, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5634-1472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Di Francesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Science, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2304-6138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Cardiovascular Research and Development \u2013 Unic@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9701-8538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Vasques-Novoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Cardiovascular Research and Development \u2013 Unic@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Andreini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of University Cardiology, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant\u2019Ambrogio, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2624-9213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Volterrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy; San Raffaele Open University in Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5404-3968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Patti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3774-8330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"D\u2019Amario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6096","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savarese G, Becher PM, Lund LH, et al. 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