{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T01:35:12Z","timestamp":1769909712644,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Radcliffe Medical Media Ltd","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ischaemic heart disease is the predominant contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; one million myocardial infarctions occur per year in the USA, while more than five million patients suffer from chronic heart failure. Recently, heart failure has been singled out as an epidemic and is a staggering clinical and public health problem associated with significant mortality, morbidity and healthcare expenditures, particularly among those aged \u2265 65 years. Death rates have improved dramatically over the last four decades, but new approaches are nevertheless urgently needed for those patients who go on to develop ventricular dysfunction and chronic heart failure. Over the past decade, stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for acute or chronic ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Multiple candidate cell types have been used in preclinical animal models and in humans to repair or regenerate the injured heart, either directly or indirectly (through paracrine effects), including: embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), neonatal cardiomyocytes, skeletal myoblasts (SKMs), endothelial progenitor cells, bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, most recently, cardiac stem cells (CSCs). Although no consensus has emerged yet, the ideal cell type for the treatment of heart disease should: (a) improve heart function; (b) create healthy and functional cardiac muscle and vasculature, integrated into the host tissue; (c) be amenable to delivery by minimally invasive clinical methods; (d) be available \u2018off the shelf\u2019 as a standardised reagent; (e) be tolerated by the immune system; (f) be safe oncologically, i.e. not create tumours; and (g) circumvent societal ethical concerns. At present, it is not clear whether such a \u2018perfect\u2019 stem cell exists; what is apparent, however, is that some cell types are more promising than others. In this brief review, we provide ongoing data on agreement and controversy arising from clinical trials and touch upon the future directions of cell therapy for heart disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15420\/ecr.2016:8:1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]],"date-time":"2016-05-10T11:38:05Z","timestamp":1462880285000},"page":"43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Cardiac Repair and Regeneration: The Value of Cell Therapies"],"prefix":"10.15420","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Alejandro Lerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasri","family":"Alotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiddy","family":"Levente Ume","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"P\u00e9ault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Infirmary Hospital of Edinburgh (NHS Lothian), University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and College of Medicine and Veterinary, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Zala County Hospital, P\u00e9cs University, Hungary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and College of Medicine and Veterinary, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Centre, University of California at Los Angeles, USA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"6096","container-title":["European Cardiology Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ecrjournal.com\/articles\/cardiac-repair-and-regeneration-value-cell-therapies","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T13:30:06Z","timestamp":1564407006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ecrjournal.com\/articles\/cardiac-repair-and-regeneration-value-cell-therapies"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"alternative-id":["ecr.2016:8:1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15420\/ecr.2016:8:1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-3756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-3756","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}