{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T17:14:58Z","timestamp":1783617298319,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Radcliffe Medical Media Ltd","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]],"date-time":"2019-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Cardiol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) can be considered a transient form of acute heart failure that mimics an acute coronary syndrome. Although many hypotheses have been formulated, the precise physiopathology of TTS remains unknown. TTS is associated with a heterogeneous clinical course, which ranges from benign to poor outcome, comprising life-threatening phenotypes. In the acute phase, TTS patients may experience complications including left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmias and thromboembolic events. Furthermore, after the acute episode, physiological abnormalities can persist and some patients continue to suffer cardiac symptoms. To recognise patients at higher risk earlier, many variables have been proposed and risk stratifications suggested. There is no solid evidence regarding specific therapy and the proper management of TTS patients, either in the acute phase or long term. This review describes the current knowledge regarding diagnostic criteria, prognosis and therapy in TTS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15420\/ecr.2019.27.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]],"date-time":"2020-01-11T07:14:54Z","timestamp":1578726894000},"page":"191-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Novel Aspects of Classification, Prognosis and Therapy in Takotsubo Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.15420","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Di Filippo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Bacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Di Mario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6096","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Clinical features and outcomes of Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1406761"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Altered limbic and autonomic processing supports brain-heart axis in Takotsubo syndrome","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz068"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Assessment of clinical features in transient left ventricular apical ballooning","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02925-X"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Clinical characteristics and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame counts in women with transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.04.030"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies: an American Heart Association Scientific Statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Groups; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174287"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Apical ballooning syndrome (Tako-Tsubo or stress cardiomyopathy): a mimic of acute myocardial infarction","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.11.008"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guidelines for diagnosis of takotsubo (ampulla) cardiomyopathy","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.71.990"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stress-induced cardiomyopathy in Sweden: evidence for different ethnic predisposition and altered cardio-circulatory status","DOI":"10.1159\/000338814"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"9. 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