{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:13:48Z","timestamp":1785406428771,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Radcliffe Medical Media Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Interv Cardiol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Despite class 1 recommendations and clinical evidence supporting optical coherence tomography (OCT), its adoption is limited. While randomised controlled trials show clinical benefits of OCT under strict protocols, its real-world performance is unclear. Aims and methods: All-comEr Registry of OCT (AERO) to Investigate the MLD-MAX Algorithm for OCT-guided-precision-PCI in Daily Routine (ILUMIEN-V-AERO; NCT05324683) is a prospective, multicentre OCT registry aiming to recruit 2,000 patients across sites in the UK, Germany and Saudi Arabia. The study seeks to evaluate the real-world use of an algorithmic approach to OCT-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (MLD-MAX) and directly compares its outcomes to those from the ILUMIEN-IV randomised controlled trial. The primary endpoint for this comparison is post-PCI minimum stent area relative to the reference segments. Secondary endpoints include OCT imaging assessments (minimum stent area, edge dissection, stent malapposition, mean stent expansion, plaque protrusion, reference segment disease), procedural outcomes (procedural and fluoroscopy time, contrast use, renal replacement therapy) and clinical endpoints (a composite endpoint of target lesion failure [cardiac death, ischaemia-driven target lesion revascularisation, target vessel MI] and unplanned hospitalisation for unstable angina). All patients will undergo clinical follow-up at 30 days and 6 months to assess target lesion failure. Beyond the inclusion criteria of the ILUMIEN-IV trial, this study will explore the role of OCT in diagnosing acute coronary syndrome, its application in guiding drug-coated balloon PCI and the impact of core laboratory support and critical evaluation on operator performance. Conclusion: ILUMIEN-V-AERO is a large, prospective registry designed to assess the real-world performance of OCT and provide insights into its role in underexplored areas of PCI guidance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15420\/icr.2025.27","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T13:01:23Z","timestamp":1766322083000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["All-comEr Registry of OCT (AERO) to Investigate the MLD-MAX Algorithm for OCT-guided-precision-PCI in Daily Routine: Rationale and Study Design of ILUMIEN-V-AERO"],"prefix":"10.15420","author":[{"given":"Nitin Chandra","family":"Mohan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/031p4kj21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Bristol Royal Infirmary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9241-8890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamas A","family":"Mamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00340yn33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Keele University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Balgith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009djsq06","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Abdulaziz Medical City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomaso","family":"Gori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00q1fsf04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Alqoofi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04k820v98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8714-0334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirvat","family":"Alasnag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00z1vyk43","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Kunadt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2482-3197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziad A","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00mj4n083","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St. Francis Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4351-420X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M","family":"Leistner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/031t5w623","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/031p4kj21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Bristol Royal Infirmary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6096","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohan NC, Johnson TW. Intracoronary optical coherence tomography \u2013 an introduction. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2022;100:S57\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccd.30583.","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.30583"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holm NR, Andreasen LN, Neghabat O, et al. OCT or Angiography guidance for PCI in complex bifurcation lesions. N Engl J Med 2023;389:1477\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa2307770; PMID:\u00a037634149.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2307770"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong SJ, Lee SJ, Lee SH, et al. Optical coherence tomography-guided versus angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with complex lesions (OCCUPI): an investigator-initiated, multicentre, randomised, open-label, superiority trial in South Korea. Lancet 2024;404:1029\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01454-5; PMID:\u00a039236729.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01454-5"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee JM, Choi KH, Song YB, et al. Intravascular imaging-guided or angiography-guided complex PCI. N Engl J Med 2023;388:1668\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2216607; PMID:\u00a036876735.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2216607"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stone GW, Christiansen EH, Ali ZA, et al. Intravascular imaging-guided coronary drug-eluting stent implantation: an updated network meta-analysis. Lancet 2024;403:824\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02454-6; PMID:\u00a038401549.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02454-6"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Vrints C, Andreotti F, Koskinas KC, et al. 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 2024;45:3415\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae177; PMID:\u00a039210710."},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Ali ZA, Landmesser U, Maehara A, et al. Optical coherence tomography-guided versus angiography-guided PCI. N Engl J Med 2023;389:1466\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2305861; PMID:\u00a037634188."},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Rao SV, O\u2019Donoghue ML, Ruel M, et al. 2025 ACC\/AHA\/ACEP\/NAEMSP\/SCAI guideline for the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation 2025;151:e771\u2013862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001309; PMID:\u00a040014670."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergmark B, Dallan LAP, Pereira GTR, et al. Decision-making during percutaneous coronary intervention guided by optical coherence tomography: insights from the LightLab initiative. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2022;15:872\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.122.011851; PMID:\u00a036378739.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.122.011851"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujino A, Mintz GS, Matsumura M, et al. A new optical coherence tomography-based calcium scoring system to predict stent underexpansion. EuroIntervention 2018;13:e2182\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4244\/EIJ-D-17-00962; PMID:\u00a029400655.","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-17-00962"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LANDMESSER U, Ali ZA, Maehara A, et al. Optical coherence tomography predictors of clinical outcomes after stent implantation: the ILUMIEN IV trial. Eur Heart J 2024;45:4630\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae521; PMID:\u00a039196989.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae521"}],"container-title":["Interventional Cardiology Reviews Research Resources"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.icrjournal.com\/articleindex\/icr.2025.27","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T13:01:25Z","timestamp":1766322085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.icrjournal.com\/articleindex\/icr.2025.27"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"references-count":11,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15420\/icr.2025.27","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-1477","1756-1485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-1477","type":"print"},{"value":"1756-1485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"article-number":"e38"}}