{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T13:21:30Z","timestamp":1783603290831,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Radcliffe Medical Media Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Remarkable advances in the care and survival of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients have led to increasing numbers of young women with CHD who carry a pregnancy with significant risk. The profound hemodynamic changes that naturally occur during gestation may unmask CHD or exacerbate an existing condition and place both the woman and fetus in jeopardy. The caring cardiologist should be familiar with the specific lesion and anticipate complications. Pregestational counseling and a multidisciplinary team approach during pregnancy are key for a successful pregnancy and favorable outcomes. In this review we discuss the evaluation of the expecting CHD patient and focus on the commonly encountered lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15420\/usc.2020.08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T12:31:36Z","timestamp":1598531496000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pregnancy in Women with Congenital Heart Disease: A Guide for the General Cardiologist"],"prefix":"10.15420","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Catherine R","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amier","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyangzi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan G","family":"Halpern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6096","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drenthen W, Pieper PG, Roos-Hesselink JW, et al. Outcome of pregnancy in women with congenital heart disease: a literature review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:2303\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.03.027; PMID: 17572244.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.03.027"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roos-Hesselink J, Baris L, Johnson M, et al. Pregnancy outcomes in women with cardiovascular disease: evolving trends over 10 years in the ESC Registry Of Pregnancy And Cardiac disease (ROPAC). Eur Heart J 2019;40:3848\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz136; PMID: 30907409.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz136"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schlichting LE, Insaf TZ, Zaidi AN, et al. Maternal comorbidities and complications of delivery in pregnant women with congenital heart disease. Am J Coll Cardiol 2019;73:2181\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.069; PMID: 31047006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.069"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Opotowsky AR, Siddiqi OK, D\u2019Souza B, et al. Maternal cardiovascular events during childbirth among women with congenital heart disease. Heart 2012;98:145\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-300828; PMID: 21990383.","DOI":"10.12968\/bjca.2011.6.12.617"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roos-Hesselink JW, Ruys TP, Stein JI, et al. Outcome of pregnancy in patients with structural or ischaemic heart disease: results of a registry of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2013;34:657\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs270; PMID: 22968232.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs270"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ruys TP, Roos-Hesselink JW, Hall R, et al. Heart failure in pregnant women with cardiac disease: data from the ROPAC. Heart 2014;100:231\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-304888; PMID: 24293523.","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-304888"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Canobbio MM, Warnes CA, Aboulhosn J, et al. Management of pregnancy in patients with complex congenital heart disease: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017;135:e50\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000458; PMID: 28082385.","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000458"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Regitz-Zagrosek V, Roos-Hesselink JW, Bauersachs J, et al. 2018 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Eur Heart J 2018;39:3165\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy340; PMID: 30165544.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy478"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bredy C, Mongeon FP, Leduc L, et al. Pregnancy in adults with repaired\/unrepaired atrial septal defect. J Thorac Dis 2018;10(Suppl 24):S2945\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/jtd.2017.10.130; PMID: 30305955.","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.10.130"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halpern DG, Weinberg CR, Pinnelas R, et al. Use of medication for cardiovascular disease during pregnancy: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;73:457\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.10.075; PMID: 30704579.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.10.075"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Siu SC, Sermer M, Colman JM, et al. Prospective multicenter study of pregnancy outcomes in women with heart disease. Circulation 2001;104:515\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/hc3001.093437; PMID: 11479246."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silversides CK, Grewal J, Mason J et al. Pregnancy outcomes in women with heart disease: the CARPREG II Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;71:2419\u20132430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.076; PMID: 29793631.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.076"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Drenthen W, Boersma E, Balci A et al. Predictors of pregnancy complications in women with congenital heart disease. Eur Heart J 2010;31:2124\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq200; PMID: 20584777.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq200"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Stout KK, Daniels CJ, Aboulhosn JA, et al. 2018 AHA\/ACC guideline for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;73:1494\u20131563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.1028; PMID: 30121240."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ACOG Committee opinion no. 743: low-dose aspirin use during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2018;132:e44\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002708; PMID: 29939940.","DOI":"10.1097\/aog.0000000000002708"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yentis SM, Steer PJ, Plaat F. Eisenmenger\u2019s syndrome in pregnancy: maternal and fetal mortality in the 1990s. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998;105:921\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10240.x; PMID: 9746388.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10240.x"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Presbitero P, Somerville J, Stone S, et al. Pregnancy in cyanotic congenital heart disease. Outcome of mother and fetus. Circulation 1994;89:2673\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.89.6.2673; PMID: 8205680.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.89.6.2673"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veldtman GR, Connolly HM, Grogan M, et al. Outcomes of pregnancy in women with tetralogy of Fallot. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:174\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.11.067; PMID: 15234429.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.11.067"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Escudero C, Khairy P, Sanatani S. Electrophysiologic considerations in congenital heart disease and their relationship to heart failure. Can J Cardiol 2013;29:821\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2013.02.016; PMID: 23642334.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2013.02.016"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kampman MA, Balci A, van Veldhuisen DJ, et al. N-Terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide predicts cardiovascular complications in pregnant women with congenital heart disease. Eur Heart J 2014;35:708\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht526; PMID: 24334717.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht526"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Halpern DG, Sarma A, Economy KE, Valente AM. Heart disease in pregnancy. In: Fuster V, Harrington RA, Narula J, Eapen ZJ, eds. Hurst\u2019s the Heart. 14th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Education; 2019."}],"container-title":["US Cardiology Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.uscjournal.com\/articleindex\/usc.2020.08","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T22:27:01Z","timestamp":1737671221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.uscjournal.com\/articleindex\/usc.2020.08"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15420\/usc.2020.08","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-390X","1758-3896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-390X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1758-3896","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"article-number":"e10"}}