{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:49:58Z","timestamp":1790113798514,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Radcliffe Medical Media Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["US Cardiol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper explores the regionalization of care, organizational components, and critical care transport medicine for cardiogenic shock patients. It discusses the establishment of cardiogenic shock centers, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the necessary infrastructure to ensure optimal patient outcomes. Emphasizing the importance of a regionalized treatment algorithm and transfer strategy, the paper builds on the foundational understanding of managing cardiogenic shock, aiming to provide a comprehensive framework for advanced management and regional transfer strategies essential for high-risk patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15420\/usc.2025.18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:07:57Z","timestamp":1788430077000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cardiogenic Shock Systems of Care Best Practices, Part 3: Regionalization of Care, Organizational Components, and Critical Care Transport Medicine"],"prefix":"10.15420","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8250-5149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam L","family":"Gottula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/017zqws13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3539-7696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kari L","family":"Gorder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02hsexy86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Riverside Methodist Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5157-2610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J","family":"Lauria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cvxb145","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8353-5077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Hallinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1037-7878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4628-6852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine L","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3486-6753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mir B","family":"Basir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02kwnkm68","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Henry Ford Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5656-4401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander G","family":"Truesdell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6096","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lauria M, Gottula AL, Hallinan W, et al. Cardiogenic shock systems of care best practice. Part 1: prehospital and emergency department evaluation and management. US Cardiol 2026;20:eXX. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15420\/usc.2025.16. DOI: 10.15420\/usc.2025.16","DOI":"10.15420\/usc.2025.16"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gorder K, Lauria M, Hallinan W, et al. Cardiogenic shock systems of care best practices. Part 2: the shock team and inpatient management. US Cardiol 2026;20:eXX. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15420\/usc.2025.17. DOI: 10.15420\/usc.2025.17","DOI":"10.15420\/usc.2025.17"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Badheka AO, Patel NJ, Grover P, et al. Impact of annual operator and institutional volume on percutaneous coronary intervention outcomes: a 5-year United States experience (2005\u20132009). Circulation 2014;130:1392\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009281; PMID: 25189214."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen HC, Tang CH, Lin HC, et al. Association between surgeon and hospital volume in coronary artery bypass graft surgery outcomes: a population-based study. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;81:835\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.09.031; PMID: 16488681. DOI: 10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.09.031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.09.031"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaefi S, O\u2019Gara B, Kociol RD, et al. Effect of cardiogenic shock hospital volume on mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock. J Am Heart Assoc 2015;4:e001462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.114.001462; PMID: 25559014. DOI: 10.1161\/JAHA.114.001462","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001462"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Diepen S, Katz JN, Albert NM, et al. Contemporary management of cardiogenic shock: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017;136:e232\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000525; PMID: 28923988. DOI: 10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000525","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000525"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tchantchaleishvili V, Hallinan W, Massey HT. Call for organized statewide networks for management of acute myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock. JAMA Surg 2015;150:1025\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.2412; PMID: 26375168. DOI: 10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.2412","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.2412"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rab T, Ratanapo S, Kern KB, et al. Cardiac shock care centers: JACC review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;72:1972\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.07.074; PMID: 30309475. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.07.074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.07.074"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batchelor WB, Anwaruddin S, Wang DD, et al. The multidisciplinary heart team in cardiovascular medicine: current role and future challenges. JACC Adv 2023;2:100160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacadv.2022.100160; PMID: 38939019. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jacadv.2022.100160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2022.100160"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perpetua EM, Guibone KA, Keegan PA, et al. Best practice recommendations for optimizing care in structural heart programs: planning efficient and resource leveraging systems (PEARLS). Struct Heart 2021;5:168\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/24748706.2021.1877858; PMID: 35378800. DOI: 10.1080\/24748706.2021.1877858","DOI":"10.1080\/24748706.2021.1877858"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carnicelli AP, Dodson K, Bull L, et al. Temporary mechanical circulatory support coordinator: conception and implementation of a novel role. Circ Heart Fail 2024;17:e011603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.124.011603; PMID: 38853774. DOI: 10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.124.011603","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.124.011603"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garan AR, Kataria R, Li B, et al. Outcomes of patients transferred to tertiary care centers for treatment of cardiogenic shock: a cardiogenic shock working group analysis. J Card Fail 2024;30:564\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cardfail.2023.09.003; PMID: 37820897. DOI: 10.1016\/j.cardfail.2023.09.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2023.09.003"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu DY, Adelsheimer A, Chan K, et al. Impact of hospital transfer to hubs on outcomes of cardiogenic shock in the real world. Eur J Heart Fail 2021;23:1927\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejhf.2263; PMID: 34114302. DOI: 10.1002\/ejhf.2263","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2263"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1368\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa010307; PMID: 11794169. DOI: 10.1056\/NEJMoa010307","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010307"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giugliano RP, Newby LK, Harrington RA, et al. The early glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibition in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (EARLY ACS) trial: a randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluating the clinical benefits of early front-loaded eptifibatide in the treatment of patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome \u2013 study design and rationale. Am Heart J 2005;149:994\u20131002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.03.029; PMID: 15976780. DOI: 10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.03.029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.03.029"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernhard M, Becker TK, Nowe T, et al. Introduction of a treatment algorithm can improve the early management of emergency patients in the resuscitation room. Resuscitation 2007;73:362\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.09.014; PMID: 17287064. DOI: 10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.09.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.09.014"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar A, Roberts D, Wood KE, et al. Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit Care Med 2006;34:1589\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.CCM.0000217961.75225.E9; PMID: 16625125. DOI: 10.1097\/01.CCM.0000217961.75225.E9","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000217961.75225.E9"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hochman JS, Boland J, Sleeper LA, et al. Current spectrum of cardiogenic shock and effect of early revascularization on mortality: results of an international registry. Circulation 1995;91:873\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.91.3.873; PMID: 7828316. DOI: 10.1161\/01.CIR.91.3.873","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.3.873"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esposito ML, Kapur NK. Acute mechanical circulatory support for cardiogenic shock: the \u201cdoor to support\u201d time. F1000Res 2017;6:737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.11150.1; PMID: 28580136. DOI: 10.12688\/f1000research.11150.1","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11150.1"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weil MH, Shoemaker WC. Pioneering contributions of Peter Safar to intensive care and the founding of the Society of Critical Care Medicine. Crit Care Med 2004;32(Suppl):S8\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ccm.0000110742.81376.fa; PMID: 15043226. DOI: 10.1097\/01.CCM.0000110742.81376.FA","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000110742.81376.FA"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert R, Coudroy R, Ragot S, et al. Influence of ICU-bed availability on ICU admission decisions. Ann Intensive Care 2015;5:55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-015-0099-z; PMID: 26714805. DOI: 10.1186\/s13613-015-0099-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-015-0099-z"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basir MB, Kapur NK, Patel K, et al. Improved outcomes associated with the use of shock protocols: updates from the national cardiogenic shock initiative. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2019;93:1173\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccd.28307; PMID: 31025538. DOI: 10.1002\/ccd.28307","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.28307"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwashyna TJ, Christie JD, Moody J, et al. The structure of critical care transfer networks. Med Care 2009;47:787\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318197b1f5; PMID: 19536030. DOI: 10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318197b1f5","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318197b1f5"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Guide for interfacility patient transfer. 2006. https:\/\/www.ems.gov\/assets\/Interfacility_Transfers.pdf (accessed October 7, 2025)."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warren J, Fromm RE, Jr., Orr RA, et al. Guidelines for the inter- and intrahospital transport of critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2004;32:256\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.CCM.0000104917.39204.0A; PMID: 14707589. DOI: 10.1097\/01.CCM.0000104917.39204.0A","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000104917.39204.0A"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Labib A, August E, Agerstrand C, et al. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization guideline for transport and retrieval of adult and pediatric patients with ECMO support. ASAIO J 2022;68:447\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAT.0000000000001653; PMID: 35184084. DOI: 10.1097\/MAT.0000000000001653","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000001653"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"International Association of Flight Paramedics. Critical care paramedic position statement. 2009."},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Treadwell D. Standards for critical care and specialty transport. 2nd ed. Austin, TX: Air & Surface Transport Nurses Association, 2015."},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Patterson T, Perkins GD, Perkins A, et al. Expedited transfer to a cardiac arrest centre for non-ST-elevation out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (ARREST): a UK prospective, multicentre, parallel, randomised clinical trial. Lancet 2023;402:1329\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01351-X; PMID: 37647928."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Connelly KM, Winslow SE, Smith J, et al. Management of patients with Impella devices or intra-aortic balloon pumps during helicopter air ambulance transport in observational data. Perfusion 2023;39:752\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02676591231158273; PMID: 36803325. DOI: 10.1177\/02676591231158273","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591231158273"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lyphout C, Bergs J, Stockman W, et al. Patient safety incidents during interhospital transport of patients: a prospective analysis. Int Emerg Nurs 2018;36:22\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ienj.2017.07.008; PMID: 28939279. DOI: 10.1016\/j.ienj.2017.07.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2017.07.008"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh JM, Ferguson ND, MacDonald RD, et al. Ventilation practices and critical events during transport of ventilated patients outside of hospital: a retrospective cohort study. Prehosp Emerg Care 2009;13:316\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10903120902935264; PMID: 19499467. DOI: 10.1080\/10903120902935264","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120902935264"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh JM, MacDonald RD, Ahghari M. Critical events during land-based interfacility transport. Ann Emerg Med 2014;64:9\u201315.e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2013.12.009; PMID: 24412668. DOI: 10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2013.12.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2013.12.009"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Droogh JM, Smit M, Hut J, et al. Inter-hospital transport of critically ill patients; expect surprises. Crit Care 2012;16:R26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc11191; PMID: 22326110. DOI: 10.1186\/cc11191","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11191"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Domeier RM, Hill JD, Simpson RD. The development and evaluation of a paramedic-staffed mobile intensive care unit for inter-facility patient transport. Prehosp Disaster Med 1996;11:37\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1049023x00042321; PMID: 10160456. DOI: 10.1017\/S1049023X00042321","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00042321"},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO). Guidelines for ECMO transport. 2015. Ann Arbor, MI: ELSO. https:\/\/reanimateconference.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/ELSO-GUIDELINES-FOR-ECMO-TRANSPORT_May2015.pdf (accessed October 7, 2025)"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wish JR, Davis DP, Research Committee of Association of Air Medical Services. Auto launch\/early activation: a survey of AAMS members and literature review. Air Med J 2005;24:83\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amj.2004.12.007; PMID: 15741955. DOI: 10.1016\/j.amj.2004.12.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amj.2004.12.007"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Howell DM, Li T, Quellhorst E, et al. Reducing door-in to door-out time for patients receiving a mechanical thrombectomy using AutoLaunch protocol. Open Access Emerg Med 2023;15:367\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OAEM.S427945; PMID: 37868690. DOI: 10.2147\/OAEM.S427945","DOI":"10.2147\/OAEM.S427945"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneider MA, McMullan JT, Lindsell CJ, et al. Reducing door-in door-out intervals in helicopter ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction interhospital transfers. Air Med J 2017;36:244\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amj.2017.04.004; PMID: 28886785. DOI: 10.1016\/j.amj.2017.04.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amj.2017.04.004"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gottula AL, Shaw CR, Milligan J, et al. Impella in transport: physiology, mechanics, complications, and transport considerations. Air Med J 2022;41:114\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amj.2021.10.003; PMID: 35248330. DOI: 10.1016\/j.amj.2021.10.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amj.2021.10.003"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gillespie L, Diaz M, Gorder K, et al. The successful rotor wing transport of 2 patients requiring biventricular Impella support: a case series and review. Air Med J 2023;42:499\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amj.2023.07.010; PMID: 37996190. DOI: 10.1016\/j.amj.2023.07.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amj.2023.07.010"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gillespie LE, Lane BH, Shaw CR, et al. The intra-aortic balloon pump: a focused review of physiology, transport logistics, mechanics, and complications. J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv 2024;3:101337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jscai.2024.101337; PMID: 39132456. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jscai.2024.101337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2024.101337"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tehrani BN, Truesdell AG, Psotka MA, et al. A standardized and comprehensive approach to the management of cardiogenic shock. JACC Heart Fail 2020;8:879\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchf.2020.09.005; PMID: 33121700. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jchf.2020.09.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2020.09.005"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moghaddam N, van Diepen S, So D, et al. Cardiogenic shock teams and centres: a contemporary review of multidisciplinary care for cardiogenic shock. ESC Heart Fail 2021;8:988\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ehf2.13180; PMID: 33452763. DOI: 10.1002\/ehf2.13180","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13180"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinha SS, Rosner CM, Tehrani BN, et al. Cardiogenic shock from heart failure versus acute myocardial infarction: clinical characteristics, hospital course, and 1-year outcomes. Circ Heart Fail 2022;15:e009279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.121.009279; PMID: 35510546. DOI: 10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.121.009279","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.121.009279"},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"Berg RA, Morgan RW, Reeder RW, et al. Diastolic blood pressure threshold during pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival outcomes: a multicenter validation study. Crit Care Med 2023;51:91\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005715; PMID: 36519983."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osman M, Syed M, Patibandla S, et al. Fifteen-year trends in incidence of cardiogenic shock hospitalization and in-hospital mortality in the United States. J Am Heart Assoc 2021;10:e021061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.121.021061; PMID: 34315234. DOI: 10.1161\/JAHA.121.021061","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021061"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Needham DM, Davidson J, Cohen H, et al. Improving long-term outcomes after discharge from intensive care unit: report from a stakeholders\u2019 conference. Crit Care Med 2012;40:502\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318232da75; PMID: 21946660. DOI: 10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318232da75","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318232da75"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spiritoso R, Crouch M, Bakowski A, et al. Follow-up for survivors of cardiac critical illness: winning hearts and minds. J Card Fail 2021;27:1148\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.08.002; PMID: 34625133. DOI: 10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.08.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.08.002"},{"key":"ref49","unstructured":"Danesh V, Boehm LM, Eaton TL, et al. Characteristics of post-ICU and post-COVID recovery clinics in 29 U.S. health systems. Crit Care Explor 2022;4:e0658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000658; PMID: 35291316."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herridge MS, Azoulay \u00c9. Outcomes after critical illness. N Engl J Med 2023;388:913\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra2104669; PMID: 36884324. DOI: 10.1056\/NEJMra2104669","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2104669"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikkelsen ME, Still M, Anderson BJ, et al. Society of Critical Care Medicine\u2019s international consensus conference on prediction and identification of long-term impairments after critical illness. Crit Care Med 2020;48:1670\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004586; PMID: 32947467. DOI: 10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004586","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004586"}],"container-title":["US Cardiology Review"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.uscjournal.com\/articleindex\/usc.2025.18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:01:32Z","timestamp":1790074892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.uscjournal.com\/articleindex\/usc.2025.18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":52,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15420\/usc.2025.18","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-3896","1758-390X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-3896","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-390X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"article-number":"e23"}}