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However, agent properties such as the color, odor, ability to be aerosolized, and long incubation period can introduce difficulties in the diagnostic and management approach. We searched PubMed and Scopus for a colorless, odorless, aerosolized substance with an incubation period of at least 4 hours. Data from articles were summarized and reported by agent. Based on data from the available literature, we included agents such as nerve agents, ricin, botulinum toxin, anthrax, tularemia, and psittacosis in this review. We also highlighted potential chemical and biological agents that could be weaponized and the optimal strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of patients exposed to an unknown aerosolized biological or chemical bioterrorism agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.22.412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T01:21:41Z","timestamp":1676596901000},"page":"147-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15441\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A clinical approach to an unidentified aerosolized bioterrorism agent: a narrative review for emergency providers"],"prefix":"10.15441","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2606-2261","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rashed","family":"Alremeithi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5251-4562","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Natalie","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3966-8131","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hannah","family":"Checkeye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8362-2013","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maryann","family":"Mazer-Amirshahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8440-8454","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Pourmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"6106","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Ukraine: is a chemical or biological attack likely? 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