{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T08:43:47Z","timestamp":1782809027182,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Korean Society of Emergency Medicine","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["50495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50495"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ceemjournal.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CEEM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To use data from the National Trauma Registry of Iran (NTRI) to explore if type of traumatic facial fractures predicts intracranial lesions.Methods: This retrospective registry-based study analyzed 6 years of data from four NTRI trauma centers, focusing on patients with facial fractures. Patients with at least one facial fracture were included, and data on demographics, injury mechanisms, fracture patterns, and intracranial lesions were analyzed. A multiple logistic regression model demonstrated the associations between clinical variables and intracranial lesions.Results: Among 32,525 patients, 1,166 (3.6%) had facial fractures. Motorcycle riders had a higher probability of malar-maxillary fractures than mandibular fractures (P&lt;0.001). Non\u2013road traffic accident injuries were significantly associated with mandibular fractures compared to malar-maxillary fractures (P&lt;0.001). Intracranial lesions were identified in 14.8% of patients, with subarachnoid hemorrhage (38.4%), subdural hemorrhage (19.8%), and epidural hemorrhage (18.6%) being the most common. Most intracranial lesions developed in patients with malar-maxillary fractures (n=82, 47.7%). Among the types of facial fractures, malar-maxillary fractures had the highest association with intracranial lesions (odds ratio [OR], 15.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.57\u201335.79; P&lt;0.001), and that finding remained significant after adjustment (adjusted OR, 7.20; 95% CI, 2.97\u201317.42; P&lt;0.001).Conclusion: Traumatic facial fractures, particularly malar-maxillary fractures, significantly increase the risk of intracranial lesions. Road traffic accidents are major contributors to such injuries. Prompt management, especially for malar-maxillary fractures, is critical for reducing risks and improving outcomes. Further research on treatment strategies is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.25.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T08:22:51Z","timestamp":1764663771000},"page":"198-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15441\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predictors of intracranial lesions in patients with traumatic facial fractures: findings derived from the National Trauma Registry of Iran"],"prefix":"10.15441","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8472-9412","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zahra","family":"Ramezani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9313-3977","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Payman","family":"Salamati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1882-7340","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vali","family":"Baigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7347-8767","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vafa","family":"Rahimi-Movaghar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5993-0830","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Zafarghandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0115-8398","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Esmaeil","family":"Fakharian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6481-0227","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seyed Houssein","family":"Saeed-Banadaky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5078-733X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yousef","family":"Mohammadpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8262-9846","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seyed Mohammad","family":"Piri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1589-0443","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sara","family":"Mirzamohamadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2396-960X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Khatereh","family":"Naghdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4320-4807","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marjan","family":"Laal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6106","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1010-5182(02)00168-3"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-011-0277-6"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"262","volume-title":"A retrospective study on the epidemiology and treatment of maxillofacial fractures","author":"Ozkaya","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.134.1.14"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480206800517"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0b013e31825e60ae"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/prs.0b013e31819e26f2"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.03.021"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"162","volume-title":"Interrelation of maxillofacial fractures and cranial injury: a prospective study","author":"Sandhya","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1804-1"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3893\/jjaam.19.1023"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.11.013"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2007.12.002"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2003.10.011"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-011-0289-7"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/atr.39725"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"286","volume-title":"National trauma registry of Iran: a pilot phase at a major trauma center in Tehran","author":"Sharif-Alhoseini","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"e9","volume-title":"Epidemiology of fatal injuries among patients admitted at Sina hospital, the national trauma registry of Iran, 2016-2019","author":"Khaleghi-Nekou","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/atr.atr_64_21"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(08)70164-9"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"","author":"Jewell","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2007.01.005"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.04.117"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.09.024"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2012.11.002"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.02.057"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.63959"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2007.03.012"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237x.142808"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481908500701"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2004.00243.x"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-011-0264-3"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2005.03.014"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(92)90315-q"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.66.4.0542"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12165"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"A retrospective audit determining the prevalence of head injuries associated with maxillofacial trauma [Dissertation]","author":"Moolla","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0000000000006379"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Predictors of intracranial lesions in patients with trauma mandibular fractures","author":"Natigor","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200301000-00019"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ceemjournal.org\/upload\/pdf\/ceem-25-030.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ceemjournal.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.15441\/ceem.25.030","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ceemjournal.org\/upload\/pdf\/ceem-25-030.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T07:47:10Z","timestamp":1782805630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ceemjournal.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.15441\/ceem.25.030"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15441\/ceem.25.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["3022-1811","2383-4625"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3022-1811","type":"print"},{"value":"2383-4625","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}