{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T21:33:43Z","timestamp":1789421623594,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":206,"publisher":"The Korean Society of Emergency Medicine","issue":"Suppl 1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018688","name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024100BE7B-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024100BE7B-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Korean Association of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ceemjournal.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CEEM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The 2025 Korean advanced life support guidelines were updated using a structured evidence evaluation process informed by recent randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. The guideline development group prioritized patient-important outcomes and assessed the certainty of the evidence to formulate graded recommendations. For drug administration during adult cardiac arrest, intravenous access is the preferred initial route, with intraosseous access recommended when intravenous access cannot be rapidly established. Epinephrine remains the recommended vasopressor. Routine administration of vasopressin, either alone or in combination with corticosteroids, is not recommended for in-hospital or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. In the absence of specific indications, the routine use of buffering agents and calcium is discouraged owing to insufficient evidence of their benefits and potential harm. Defibrillation recommendations were refined based on emerging evidence. In adults with refractory ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia after multiple unsuccessful defibrillation attempts, vector change or double sequential defibrillation may be considered in selected settings when performed by experienced teams with appropriate equipment. Airway management guidelines recommend cricothyroidotomy as a rescue technique when conventional airway management strategies fail. For patients receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation while on mechanical ventilation, specific ventilator settings during chest compressions are recommended to optimize ventilation and minimize interference with high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The guidelines also address cardiopulmonary resuscitation\u2013induced consciousness, allowing the cautious use of sedatives and\/or analgesic agents when awareness interferes with resuscitation quality or safety. Overall, the guidelines emphasize evidence-based practice and individualized clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.26.073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T06:29:08Z","timestamp":1780986548000},"page":"S32-S60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15441\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["2025 Korean Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Part 4. Adult advanced life support"],"prefix":"10.15441","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0353-5345","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tae-Youn","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0092-5356","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gyo Jin","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1818-2466","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyoung-Chul","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6339-8496","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dong-Hyeok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8789-0090","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Youdong","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4597-387X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5805-8764","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gyuhong","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6144-302X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Do Kyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0031-2597","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yunhee","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0655-5130","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jin","family":"Wi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6709-7703","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chun Song","family":"Youn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7700-4753","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Myung-Lyeol","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3773-8047","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mi Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3571-9448","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Byung Kook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8296-6357","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Byung Heon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0522-1350","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jisook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1899-3170","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chang Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4001-1826","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hannah","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0474-6400","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Youngbin","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5964-1580","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yong Soo","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4159-586X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young Hwa","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9368-0196","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Woo Jin","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3074-011X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sung Phil","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9228-3674","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gyu Chong","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8928-289X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ju Sun","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4585-3181","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sung Oh","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6106","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/431762"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2017052"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10049-020-00720-9"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047463"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001017"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-079878"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2407616"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2407780"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.16628"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.20929"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2207304"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.1025"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.04.031"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm199712043372314"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm199707313370503"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.04.025"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015995"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.04.025"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-002-1290-x"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2001.10.6.391"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfu026"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12980"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.04.006"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.1738"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005715"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.08.004"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2024.110426"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0b013e31829d8654"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2013.03.023"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02648725.2023.2199239"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1806842"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.01.019"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490190067033"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.035"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g3028"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.01.033"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2022.06.042"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.834352"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.12.030"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2023.109922"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2022.04.017"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.08.008"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2022.11.007"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2022.07.034"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1514204"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(97)05048-4"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.07.016"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0300-9572(03)00238-7"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2013.05.022"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-52"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd009803"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.109.902114"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.08.006"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.015599"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.105.537282"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.115.014016"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.109.878389"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.110.958173"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903129908958955"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0300-9572(03)00183-7"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prehos.2004.05.002"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.112.965319"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.102.15.1780"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0300-9572(03)00106-0"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2004.11.031"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.106.636506"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0300-9572(01)00321-5"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2013.07.033"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.04.042"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.106.648204"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2008.03.231"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000261"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.04.008"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.110.010736"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2013.10.014"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.03.013"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.07.014"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.08.009"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410200077029"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9572(96)00961-6"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.3.677"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00487-4"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0300-9572(02)00290-3"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0300-9572(98)00049-5"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10903127.2014.942476"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.02.010"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.08.002"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.06.011"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.05.025"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.7044"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.11597"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0156"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.1696"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000734"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.05.007"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2005.05.020"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199004000-00002"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9572(96)89056-3"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0196-0644(95)70204-0"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.02.020"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2023.109966"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2023.109965"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2024.110203"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.22.2620"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.03.005"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2016.59930"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx318"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.282538"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2011.01.032"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2017071"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(14)61886-9"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.09.033"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.06.031"},{"key":"ref114","first-page":"496","volume-title":"The clinical efficacy of Thumper modal 1007 cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a prospective randomized control trial","author":"Lu","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000916"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)32338-2"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2020.11.011"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204511"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.119.042173"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872617737041"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(08)60958-7"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.16.145"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.03.002"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.04.016"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.116.003732"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.06.059"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.01.013"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.01.031"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2012-202173"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.69.1302"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827ca4c8"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2015-205232"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000063"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0267659119850679"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.12.008"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2007.09.019"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.03.037"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.04.183"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.06.013"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.08.046"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.07.013"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.09.018"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2013.06.018"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000892"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.09.012"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000108880.97967.c0"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.09.004"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aenj.2016.07.002"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.01.018"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.13505"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1962.03050310086018c"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/33.1.22"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0196-0644(89)80942-4"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1994.tb02529.x"},{"key":"ref155","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Code blue stories: awake and aware in the emergency department","author":"McDonald","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.08.012"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-008-9099-2"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181b89432"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2013.12.026"},{"key":"ref160","volume-title":"New CPR devices save lives, Medical College study finds. Milwaukee J Sentinel 2011 Jan 18 [Internet]","author":"Fauber"},{"key":"ref161","volume-title":"Mechanical CPR helps save the day-and the patient. J Emerg Med Serv 2014 Jan 29 [Internet]","author":"Greb"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.12.036"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.11.025"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3158015"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2016.1229823"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.02.013"},{"key":"ref167","volume-title":"Six cases of CPR-induced consciousness in witnessed cardiac arrest. Italian J Emerg Med 2017 Mar 1 [Internet]","author":"Grandi"},{"key":"ref168","first-page":"514","volume-title":"Consciousness with cardiopulmonary resuscitation","author":"Gray","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref169","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Case study: combative cardiac patient. What do you do when a patient regains consciousness during mechanical CPR?","author":"Wacht","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12890\/2020_001409"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/xaa.0000000000001037"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-23345"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.07.006"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2012.01.045"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa0706467"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2019.05.003"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.117.030488"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.08.016"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000233"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/ait.a2016.0054"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.04.046"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.12.068"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.06.020"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.04.002"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000757"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.06.012"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.07.013"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.04.013"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0973-y"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-5-201303051-00009"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4266\/kjccm.2017.00024"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2014.29.3.423"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.06.003"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022202"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-019-0411-3"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2007.025247"},{"key":"ref197","volume-title":"","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-019-1010-z"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.12496"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2014-003001"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2011.09.009"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.09.027"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2012.12.016"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/94.10.521"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000896"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2003.03258.x"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ceemjournal.org\/upload\/pdf\/ceem-26-073.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ceemjournal.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.15441\/ceem.26.073","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ceemjournal.org\/upload\/pdf\/ceem-26-073.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T07:19:27Z","timestamp":1780989567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ceemjournal.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.15441\/ceem.26.073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"references-count":206,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15441\/ceem.26.073","relation":{},"ISSN":["3022-1811","2383-4625"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3022-1811","type":"print"},{"value":"2383-4625","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}