{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T05:07:11Z","timestamp":1747199231312,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. salud p\u00fablica"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n\n\nObjective To analyze the space-time aspects and epidemiological characteristics of leishmaniasis in Colombia from 2008 to 2016.\nMethodology This was an cross-sectional and ecological study of the morbidity and mortality from leishmaniasis and its spatial, temporal, and socio-demographic associated factors based on reported cases of ACL and VL obtained from the National Public Health Surveillance System (Sivigila) of the Ministry of Health of Colombia.\nResults In all, 99,503 cases of leishmaniasis were reported in Colombia in the 9-year period (2008\u20132016), where ACL accounted for 99.78% of the cases, with 14 deaths, and VL accounted for 0.21% of the cases, with four deaths. People living in the rural areas were the most affected by both forms of leishmaniasis. In the spatial analysis, ACL was widely distributed in Colombian territory, but the patterns of occurrence were not consistent throughout the study period. Further, the majority of the population affected by VL resided in the Caribbean and Central regions, during the second three-year study period, indicating dispersion of the disease.\nConclusions The recent epidemiological patterns of leishmaniasis show variations in morbidity and mortality, with a higher incidence of ACL than of VL and high concentration of cases in certain regions of Colombia. This study contributes to a better understanding of this important public health problem so that measures to control the spread of this disease in Colombia can be intensified.\n\n\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15446\/rsap.v25n4.97936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T16:04:41Z","timestamp":1728317081000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Space-time patterns and associated factors of leishmaniasis in Colombia, 2008\u20132016","Patrones espaciotemporales y factores asociados de leishmaniasis en Colombia, 2008-2016"],"prefix":"10.15446","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4689-3380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena Maria","family":"Hurtado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5557-7267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila Stefanie","family":"Fonseca de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6334-073X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Teixeira Pava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8193-0290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Ol\u00edmpia","family":"K\u00f6hler Marra Morato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5241-5940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Soeiro Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4030-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Ferreira de Magalh\u00e3es Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"6146","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2412625","unstructured":"1. 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PLoS One. 2015; 10:e0139391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0139391.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139391"},{"key":"2412643","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Berry I, Berrang-Ford L. Leishmaniasis, conflict, and political terror: A spatio-temporal analysis. Soc Sci Med. 2016; 167:140\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.04.038.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.04.038"},{"key":"2412644","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Ram\u00edrez JD, Hern\u00e1ndez C, Le\u00f3n CM, Ayala MS, Fl\u00f3rez C, Gonz\u00e1lez C. Taxonomy, diversity, temporal and geographical distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombia: A retrospective study. Sci Rep. 2016; 6:28266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep28266.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28266"},{"key":"2412645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Gonz\u00e1lez AM, Sol\u00eds-Soto MT, Radon K. Leishmaniasis: Who uses personal protection among military personnel in Colombia? Ann Glob Health. 2017; 83:519\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aogh.2017.10.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aogh.2017.10.015"},{"key":"2412646","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Patino LH, Mendez C, Rodriguez O, Romero Y, Velandia D, Alvarado M, et al. Spatial distribution, Leishmania species and clinical traits of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the Colombian army. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017; 11:e0005876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005876.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005876"},{"key":"2412647","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Herrera G, Teher\u00e1n A, Pradilla I, Vera M, Ram\u00edrez JD. Geospatial-temporal distribution of tegumentary leishmaniasis in Colombia (2007- 2016). PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018; 12:e0006419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006419.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006419"},{"key":"2412648","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Hern\u00e1ndez AM, Gutierrez JD, Xiao Y, Branscum AJ, Cuadros DF. Spatial epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with a growing epidemic. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2019; 113:560-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/trstmh\/trz043.","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trz043"},{"key":"2412649","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Ovalle-Bracho C, Londo\u00f1o-Barbosa D, Salgado-Almario J, Gonz\u00e1lez C. Evaluating the spatial distribution of Leishmania parasites in Colombia from clinical samples and human isolates (1999 to 2016). PLoS One. 2019; 14:e0214124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0214124.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214124"},{"key":"2412650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Bruhn FRP, Morais MHF, Cardoso DL, Bruhn NCP, Ferreira F, Rocha CMBM da. Spatial and temporal relationships between human and canine visceral leishmaniases in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 2006- 2013. Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11:372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-018-2877-6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2877-6"},{"key":"2412651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Maia-Elkhoury ANS, Yad\u00f3n ZE, D\u00edaz MIS, Lucena F de F de A, Castellanos LG, Sanchez-Vazquez MJ. Exploring spatial and temporal distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Americas, 2001\u20132011. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016; 10:e0005086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005086.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005086"},{"key":"2412652","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. V\u00e9lez ID, Carrillo LM, L\u00f3pez L, Rodr\u00edguez E, Robledo SM. An epidemic outbreak of canine cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia caused by leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania panamensis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012; 86:807\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0408.","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0408"},{"key":"2412653","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Valderrama-Ardila C, Alexander N, Ferro C, Cadena H, Mar\u00edn D, Holford TR, et al. Environmental risk factors for the incidence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a sub-Andean zone of Colombia (Chaparral, Tolima). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010; 82:243\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0218.","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0218"},{"key":"2412654","unstructured":"30. Fedesarrollo. Informe mensual del mercado laboral [Internet]. Mayo 2017. Bogot\u00e1 D.C., Colombia. Cited December 2019. Available from: https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/32kanwmh."},{"key":"2412655","unstructured":"31. Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Pan-Americana Da Sa\u00fade, Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Mundial Da Sa\u00fade. Leishmanioses: Informe epidemiol\u00f3gico das Am\u00e9ricas; 2019."},{"key":"2412656","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Padilha BG, Albuquerque PVV de, Pedrosa F de A. 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Porfirio GE de O, Santos FM, de Macedo GC, Barreto WTG, Campos JBV, Meyers AC, et al. Maintenance of Trypanosoma cruzi, T. evansi and Leishmania spp. by domestic dogs and wild mammals in a rural se- ttlement in Brazil-Bolivian border. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2018; 7:398\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2018.10.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2018.10.004"},{"key":"2412662","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Muvdi-Arenas S, Ovalle-Bracho C. Mucosal leishmaniasis: A forgotten disease, description and identification of species in 50 Colombian cases. 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