{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:49:02Z","timestamp":1792144142077,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Armed Forces Medical Services","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Saudi Medical Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To analyze and compare temporal trends, demographic characteristics, and stage at diagnosis for thyroid cancer (TC) between Saudi and non-Saudi populations in order to identify potential population-specific etiological drivers. Methods: We conducted a national retrospective cohort study of TC cases in Saudi Arabia from 2013\u20132022. To assess population-level trends, we computed age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and multivariable Poisson regression alongside piecewise regression models for comparative analysis. Results: Among 14,159 total cases, TC incidence increased disproportionately in Saudi nationals, rising from 884 to 1,677 (90%), significantly outpacing the 184 to 275 (49%) increase observed in non-Saudis. The incidence rate ratio for Saudis versus non-Saudis was 5.67 (95% CI [5.41, 5.94]). Saudis presented with a significantly younger median age at diagnosis (5\u201310 years earlier, p &lt; 0.001) and demonstrated a steeper annual increase in ASIRs (Interaction \u03b2  = 0.0307, p &lt; 0.001). A marked stage migration was concurrently observed among Saudi nationals, with localized diagnoses increasing from 55% to 71%. The recent period of the study (post-pandemic) revealed an acceleration in the Saudi cohort (+316.50 cases annually), a pattern absent in non-Saudis. Conclusion: The profound divergence in incidence trends provides compelling evidence consistent with distinct, population-specific etiological drivers. This suggests a need to investigate genetic and environmental factors unique to the Saudi population. However, the heterogeneity of the non-Saudi comparator group necessitates cautious interpretation of the observed incidence rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15537\/1658-3175.8770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T14:50:12Z","timestamp":1777560612000},"page":"859-868","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethnic Background as a Determinant of Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Decade-Long National Cohort Study Reveals Divergent Epidemics in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.15537","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Nizar A.","family":"Khamjan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56029","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"container-title":["Saudi Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:27:25Z","timestamp":1792142845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/smj.researchcommons.org\/journal\/vol47\/iss5\/12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15537\/1658-3175.8770","relation":{},"ISSN":["1658-3175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1658-3175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]}}}