{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:48:58Z","timestamp":1792144138952,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Armed Forces Medical Services","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Saudi Medical Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To examine the contribution of IL-6 to host defense and healing in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Pulmonary tuberculosis continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with disease outcomes determined by complex host\u2013pathogen interactions. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a multifunctional cytokine, has been implicated in immune regulation and tissue recovery during TB, but its specific role is not fully established. This review aimed to examine the contribution of IL-6 to host defense and healing in pulmonary TB. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Medline following PRISMA guidelines, covering publications from 2015 to 2025. Search terms included ``pulmonary tuberculosis,'' ``IL-6,'' ``Immune response,'' and ``Healing.'' Eligible studies were human-based, published in English, and provided full-text access. Data extraction focused on study design, population, IL-6 sample type, and findings related to immune response and healing. Results: Evidence consistently demonstrated IL-6 as a key modulator of TB immunity. IL-6 supports macrophage activation, T-cell differentiation, and granuloma formation, enhancing host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Additionally, IL-6 regulates inflammation and promotes tissue repair, contributing to recovery. However, dysregulated or excessive IL-6 activity was linked to heightened inflammation and lung pathology, indicating a dual role in both protection and potential tissue damage. Conclusion: Interleukin-6 is central to immune defense and healing in pulmonary TB, exerting protective effects while requiring precise regulation to prevent pathological outcomes. Future research should clarify underlying mechanisms and explore IL-6\u2013targeted strategies for improved TB treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15537\/1658-3175.8781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T17:36:40Z","timestamp":1778953000000},"page":"981-991","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Contribution of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) to Body Defense and Healing in Pulmonary Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.15537","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Hasrah","family":"Junaidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctorate Degree Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia AND Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Teuku Umar, Aceh 23617, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annis C.","family":"Adi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soedarsono","family":"Soedarsono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub-pulmonology Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soetjipto","family":"Soetjipto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chatarina U.","family":"Wahyuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariani","family":"Syahrul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmudah","family":"Mahmudah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zakiyuddin","family":"Zakiyuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Teuku Umar, Aceh 23617, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iskandar","family":"Arfan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctorate Degree Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah A.","family":"Mamun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctorate Degree Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rubia","family":"Sari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Cut Nyak Dhien Meulaboh, Aceh 23611, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56029","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"container-title":["Saudi Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:27:07Z","timestamp":1792142827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/smj.researchcommons.org\/journal\/vol47\/iss6\/2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15537\/1658-3175.8781","relation":{},"ISSN":["1658-3175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1658-3175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]}}}