{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:48:55Z","timestamp":1792144135933,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Armed Forces Medical Services","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Saudi Medical Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To evaluate the clinical features, polysomnographic findings, and therapeutic outcomes of narcolepsy type 1 and type 2 patients in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Narcolepsy is a neurological condition marked by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and associated symptoms, including cataplexy and disrupted nighttime sleep. Data on narcolepsy in KSA are still limited.\nMethods: Forty-three patients diagnosed with narcolepsy from 2012 to 2024 were included in this retrospective study. Diagnosis followed the International Classification of Sleep Disorders criteria and incorporated clinical features, the epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), overnight polysomnography (PSG), and multiple sleep latency testing (MSLT). Data on demographics, clinical symptoms, PSG parameters, and treatment were analyzed. Posttreatment ESS scores were collected via an electronic survey.\nResults: All patients reported EDS, and 53.5% had cataplexy. Time of diagnosis mean age was 28.9 \u00b1 14.4 years, with a diagnostic delay of 5.3 \u00b1 3.0 years. Patients with narcolepsy type (NT)1 had significantly higher baseline ESS scores (19.6 versus (vs.) 16.9, p = 0.031) and shorter mean sleep latency (2.1 vs. 4.3 minutes, p = 0.008). Treatment, predominantly with modafinil (69%), significantly reduced ESS scores from 18.4 \u00b1 4.2 to 9.2 \u00b1 2.4 (p &lt; 0.001).\nConclusion: Compared with NT2, NT1 is slightly more common and is characterized by more severe sleepiness and shorter sleep latency time. The diagnostic delay remains substantial, but treatment is effective in reducing EDS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15537\/1658-3175.8812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T16:48:27Z","timestamp":1781455707000},"page":"1231-1239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polysomnographic and Clinical Characteristics of Narcolepsy in Saudi Arabia: &lt;i&gt;A 12-Year Retrospective Study&lt;\/i&gt;"],"prefix":"10.15537","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Banan","family":"Almalki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Medicine and Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia AND Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Kanbr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Medicine and Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia AND College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghufran Bin","family":"Afeef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Medicine and Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia AND King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaimaa","family":"Hawsawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Medicine and Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia AND King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranya","family":"Alshumrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Medicine and Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia AND Respiratory Division, Paediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faris","family":"Alhejaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Medicine and Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia AND Respiratory Section, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siraj","family":"Wali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Medicine and Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia AND Respiratory Section, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56029","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"container-title":["Saudi Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:26:27Z","timestamp":1792142787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/smj.researchcommons.org\/journal\/vol47\/iss7\/15"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15537\/1658-3175.8812","relation":{},"ISSN":["1658-3175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1658-3175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]}}}