{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:48:51Z","timestamp":1792144131086,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Armed Forces Medical Services","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Saudi Medical Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To evaluate the effects of spinal and general anesthesia on the intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients, who had lumbar spine and lower extremity orthopedic surgeries Methods: Sixty adult were randomly classified into Group spinal anesthesia (SA) and Group general anesthesia (GA). The IOP, mean systemic arterial pressure, and heart rhythm were measured at 6 pre-determined timepoints (T0: Baseline, T1: Before spinal procedure or anesthesia induction, T2: After injection with intrathecal or anesthesia induction, T3: 5th minutes (min) after spinal procedure or tracheal intubation, T4: 30th min intraoperative, T5: At the end of surgery, T6: 5th min after surgery or tracheal extubation in the operation room Results: The baseline IOP and IOP1 measurements during were not significantly different between the groups (SA = 14.28 \u00b1 0.8 mmHg; GA = 14.62 \u00b1 0.9 mmHg, p = 0.923; and IOP1: SA = 15.83 \u00b1 0.9 mmHg; GA = 15.88 \u00b1 0.9 mmHg, p = 0.929). The most significant decrease in IOP in both groups was recorded at T2 (SA: 12.37 \u00b1 0.6. GA: 12.24 \u00b1 0.4, p &lt; 0.001). The decrease in IOP2 was more significant in the GA group. The IOP3 was significantly higher in GA group after intubation (GA: 19.82 \u00b1 1.2, SA: 12.86 \u00b1 1.0)(p &lt; 0.05). The IOP4 and IOP5 in the SA group were lower than those in the GA group. The IOP6 in both groups was higher (SA: 15.20 \u00b1 0.8, GA: 16.50 \u00b1 1.0) than the baseline IOP values, albeit not significant (p &gt; 0.05). In prone position, IOP at the T4 and T5 timepoints were significantly higher than the initial values in both the SA and the GA groups; however, the increase in the GA group was more higher than that of the SA group. Conclusion: In intraoperative period, intraocular pressure may increase in both management of anesthesia, but this increase is higher in the general anesthesia group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15537\/1658-3175.8815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T16:06:19Z","timestamp":1786291579000},"page":"1549-1557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of the Effects of Spinal Versus General Anesthesia on the Perioperative Intraocular Pressure: &lt;i&gt;A prospective, randomized clinical trial&lt;\/i&gt;"],"prefix":"10.15537","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Muzaffer","family":"GENCER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"YALVA\u00c7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, \u00c7orum\/TURKEY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56029","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"container-title":["Saudi Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:25:41Z","timestamp":1792142741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/smj.researchcommons.org\/journal\/vol47\/iss9\/14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15537\/1658-3175.8815","relation":{},"ISSN":["1658-3175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1658-3175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]}}}