{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:48:54Z","timestamp":1792144134238,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Armed Forces Medical Services","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Saudi Medical Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) seasonal variations among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have been widely studied; however, findings remain inconsistent. Although several studies reported a higher incidence during colder months, others showed no consistent patterns. This study investigated whether DKA frequency and severity vary across seasons, particularly in humid cities. Methods: This retrospective cohort analyzed children and adolescents with T1DM admitted to a tertiary hospital with DKA (2015\u20132025). Data included demographics, seasonal admission trends, clinical severity, and outcomes. Statistical analyses involved the Chi-square and ANOVA tests. Results: A total of 369 DKA cases were analyzed, with mean age of 14.7 years and 62.6% were females. Most had established T1DM (88.6% with prior DKA episodes). Severe cases showed significantly higher heart rates, lower GCS scores (p &lt; 0.001), higher HbA1c levels (p = 0.001), longer hospital (p = 0.007) and ICU (p = 0.003) stays. Diastolic blood pressure also correlated with severity (p = 0.036). Although DKA severity showed no significance seasonal association (p = 0.865), winter peak was observed, suggesting confounding factors or bias in seasonal patterns. Conclusions: The DKA admission peaked in winter, particularly in December; however, this trend was not clinically significant. Confounding factors, including infection or delayed care, may explain this variation. The findings emphasize focusing on modifiable patient factors, including year-round glycemic control, education, and timely interventions, to reduce DKA recurrence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15537\/1658-3175.8829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T21:16:02Z","timestamp":1783631762000},"page":"1366-1375","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seasonal Variation of Diabetic Ketoacidosis among Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: &lt;i&gt;A Single-Center Tertiary Experience&lt;\/i&gt;"],"prefix":"10.15537","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Nour","family":"Gazzaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fajr A","family":"Saeedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56029","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"container-title":["Saudi Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:26:09Z","timestamp":1792142769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/smj.researchcommons.org\/journal\/vol47\/iss8\/14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15537\/1658-3175.8829","relation":{},"ISSN":["1658-3175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1658-3175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]}}}