{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T11:14:54Z","timestamp":1782904494844,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Medical Communications Sp. z.o.o.","issue":"103","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Ultrason"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim: To compare two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) ultrasound of the gallbladder in an adult\ncohort. Material and methods: In this observational, cross-sectional study, gallbladder volumes were\nmeasured using 2D and 3D ultrasound. Examinations were performed in the fasting state and at predefined time intervals after ingestion of a standardized nutritional drink. At each time point, measurements were performed twice using 2D and twice using 3D ultrasound. Volumes were calculated using the ellipsoid method for 2D ultrasound. For 3D, manual tracing was performed. Results: Sixty-two subjects were included, yielding 2,328 volume measurements. The mean age was 69 years (SD 6.6) and the median BMI was 24.3 kg\/m2 (IQR 22.9\u201328.6). The mean difference between 2D measurements was significantly larger than the difference between 3D measurements (3.3 cm3 vs. 1.9 cm3, p &lt;0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between two sequential 2D measurements was 0.94 (p &lt;0.001, 95% CI 0.94\u20130.95), and between two sequential 3D measurements 0.96 (p &lt;0.001, 95% CI 0.96\u20130.97). The ICC between 2D and 3D measurements was 0.85 (95% CI 0.74\u20130.91, p &lt;0.001). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that 3D ultrasound exhibits lower intra-observer variation when determining gallbladder volumes compared to 2D ultrasound. The discrepancy between the two methods increases with gallbladder volume.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15557\/jou.2025.0031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T12:47:47Z","timestamp":1767098867000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of two- and three-dimensional ultrasound for volume estimation of the meal-stimulated gallbladder"],"prefix":"10.15557","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7724-3017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e6raneh","family":"Jouleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2783-3606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spiros","family":"Kotopoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2864-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg","family":"Dimcevski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8878-8669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erling","family":"Tjora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0436-0383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Odd Helge","family":"Gilja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9045-1408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sondre Vatne","family":"Melina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7221-1013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eirik Wigtil","family":"S\u00f8fteland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9288-1391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Kv\u00e5le Nordaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. 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Gastroenterology 1988; 95: 170\u2013176. doi: 10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90307-1.","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90307-1"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ultrasonography"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T12:47:51Z","timestamp":1767098871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jultrason.pl\/index.php\/issues\/volume-25-no-103\/comparison-of-two-and-three-dimensional-ultrasound-for-volume-estimation-of-the-meal-stimulated-gallbladder"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"103","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15557\/jou.2025.0031","relation":{},"ISSN":["2084-8404","2451-070X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2084-8404","type":"print"},{"value":"2451-070X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]}}}