{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T22:56:08Z","timestamp":1782946568973,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004202","name":"Ondokuz Mayis University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AVet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the skin in cats. Tumour angiogenesis is the pivotal event for tumour progression and metastasis. We assessed protein and gene expression of angiogenic growth factors including bFGF, VEGF-C, TGF-\u03b2, PDGF-A, PDGF-C and PDGFR-\u03b1 that possibly contribute to the angiogenic phenotype of feline SCC (FSCC) and could, therefore, be a good target in the treatment of SCC. In the present study, a total of 27 FSCC cases were investigated. Tumour cases were histopathologically classified as well differentiated (10\/27), moderately differentiated (5\/27), and poorly differentiated (12\/27). The expression levels of the growth factors were detected using immunohistochemistry and assessed semi-quantitatively. Growth factor expression levels were evaluated at different locations: in the oral region, in areas exposed to solar UV radiation including the ears, eyelids and nasal planum, and other miscellaneous locations. Our findings have revealed that FSCC arising from different anatomical sites of the body and showing differences in aggressiveness, metastasis, and prognosis may be angiogenesis dependent, and angiogenic key regulators could play a role in the development of FSCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2020.00005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T08:57:33Z","timestamp":1588928253000},"page":"37-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Expression levels of angiogenic growth factors in feline squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Yonca B.","family":"Kabak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7976-4051","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahmut","family":"Sozmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alparslan K.","family":"Devrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, K\u0131r\u0131kkale University, K\u0131r\u0131kkale, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mert","family":"Sudagidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Konya Food and Agriculture University, Kit-Argem, Konya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Funda","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tolga","family":"Guvenc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Yarim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yavuz M.","family":"Gulbahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishtiaq","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efe","family":"Karaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinem","family":"Inal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00330.2002","article-title":"VEGF increases endothelial permeability by separate signaling pathways involving ERK-1\/2 and nitric oxide","volume":"284","author":"Breslin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24399","article-title":"Distinct mechanisms of TGF-beta1-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis during skin carcinogenesis","volume":"115","author":"Han","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref891","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199803000-00008","article-title":"Prognostic value of platelet derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) in gastric carcinoma","volume":"227","author":"Katano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref1131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20010215)52:4<420::AID-JEMT1027>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Role of TGFbeta signaling in skin carcinogenesis","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Micros. Res. Tech."},{"key":"ref901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-004-0780-7","article-title":"Imatinib mesylate inhibits platelet-derived growth factor activity and increases chemosensitivity in feline vaccine-associated sarcoma","volume":"54","author":"Katayama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2009.01158.x","article-title":"Angiogenic growth factors in tissue homogenates of HNSCC: expression pattern, prognostic relevance and interrelationships","volume":"100","author":"Montag","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.4065\/81.9.1241","article-title":"Biology of platelet-derived growth factor and its involvement in disease","volume":"81","author":"Alvarez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.2.187","article-title":"A mechanism of suppression of TGF-s\/SMAD signalling by NF-kappa B\/RelA","volume":"14","author":"Bitzer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gene Dev."},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20111020","article-title":"Platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) activation by serine proteases; implications for breast cancer progression","volume":"441","author":"Hurst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00330.2002","article-title":"VEGF increases endothelial permeability by separate signaling pathways involving ERK-1\/2 and nitric oxide","volume":"284","author":"Breslin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.4065\/81.9.1241","article-title":"Biology of platelet-derived growth factor and its involvement in disease","volume":"81","author":"Alvarez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.39-6-690","article-title":"Correlation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression to overall survival in feline invasive mammary carcinomas","volume":"39","author":"Millanta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref881","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910640208","article-title":"Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is associated with degree of histologic differentiation","volume":"64","author":"Janot","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.21.022404.142018","article-title":"Specificity and versatility in TGF-beta signaling through SMADS","volume":"21","author":"Feng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1139\/o97-091","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factors and their receptors","volume":"75","author":"Galzie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref1091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-7-7","article-title":"Lymphatic vessels assessment in feline mammary tumors","volume":"7","author":"Sarli","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.18.1.0287","article-title":"The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"18","author":"Ferrara","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2011.00806.x","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 enhances invasion and metastasis in Ras-transfected human malignant epidermal keratinocytes","volume":"93","author":"Davies","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-7-7","article-title":"Lymphatic vessels assessment in feline mammary tumors","volume":"7","author":"Sarli","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref211","first-page":"581","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma","volume-title":"Skin Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Clinical and Histopathological Diagnosis","author":"Gross","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref801","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Histological Classification of Epithelial and Melanocytic Tumors of the Skin of Domestic Animals","author":"Goldschmidt","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3109\/08977199809017488","article-title":"Ovine vascular endothelial growth factor: nucleotide sequence and expression in fetal tissues","volume":"16","author":"Cheung","year":"1998","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2003.00012.x","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients as related to prognosis","volume":"32","author":"Logullo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M200008-MCP200","article-title":"Discordant protein and mRNA expression in lung adenocarcinomas","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteomics"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11188","article-title":"Expression profiles of angiogenic growth factors in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck","volume":"106","author":"Ninck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref1041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11188","article-title":"Expression profiles of angiogenic growth factors in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck","volume":"106","author":"Ninck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1994.tb00443.x","article-title":"Immunocytochemical localization of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) and FGF-2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)","volume":"23","author":"Myoken","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref541","first-page":"885","article-title":"Metastatic cutaneous cell carcinoma: an update","volume":"33","author":"Weinberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref381","first-page":"323","article-title":"Loss of expression of TGF-\u00df1, T\u00dfRI, and T\u00dfRII correlates with differentiation in human oral squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"32","author":"Mincione","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6649","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-0414","article-title":"Inverse prognostic impact of angiogenic marker expression in tumor cells versus stromal cells in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"13","author":"Donnem","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700360","article-title":"GISTs with PDGFRA exon 14 mutations represent subset of clinically favourable gastric tumors with epitheloid morphology","volume":"86","author":"Lasota","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"ref601","first-page":"S44","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 signalling in cancer \u2013 a double-edged sword","volume":"11","author":"Akhurst","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.1379","article-title":"Clinicopathological significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C in human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"93","author":"Kitadai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4254","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.10.4254","article-title":"Mammary tumor suppression by transforming growth factor-\u03b21 transgene expression","volume":"92","author":"Pierce","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref961","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.39-6-690","article-title":"Correlation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression to overall survival in feline invasive mammary carcinomas","volume":"39","author":"Millanta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref981","first-page":"323","article-title":"Loss of expression of TGF-\u00df1, T\u00dfRI, and T\u00dfRII correlates with differentiation in human oral squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"32","author":"Mincione","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600289","article-title":"VEGF-null cells require PDGFR \u03b1 signaling-mediated stromal fibroblast recruitment for tumorigenesis","volume":"23","author":"Dong","year":"2004","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref1031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10166","article-title":"Topotecan inhibits VEGF- and bFGF-induced vascular endothelial cell migration via downregulation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway","volume":"98","author":"Nakashio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref671","first-page":"255","article-title":"The platelet-derived growth factor receptor as a target for vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated anti-angiogenetic therapy in head and neck cancer","volume":"34","author":"Bran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2004.08.034","article-title":"PDGF-BB induces intratumoral lymphangiogenesis and promotes lymphatic metastasis","volume":"6","author":"Cao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref971","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589102800506","article-title":"Cutaneous neoplasia in 340 cats","volume":"28","author":"Miller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1159\/000151572","article-title":"Lymphatic microvessel density and the expression of lymphoangiogenic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Ali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract."},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(84)90194-6","article-title":"Expression of the normal human sis\/PDGF-2 coding sequence induces cellular transformation","volume":"39","author":"Gazit","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589102800506","article-title":"Cutaneous neoplasia in 340 cats","volume":"28","author":"Miller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199803000-00008","article-title":"Prognostic value of platelet derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) in gastric carcinoma","volume":"227","author":"Katano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref201","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Histological Classification of Epithelial and Melanocytic Tumors of the Skin of Domestic Animals","author":"Goldschmidt","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref01","first-page":"S44","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 signalling in cancer \u2013 a double-edged sword","volume":"11","author":"Akhurst","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref871","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02899402","article-title":"Expression of several growth factors and their receptor genes in human colon carcinomas","volume":"59","author":"Ito","year":"1990","journal-title":"Virchows Arch. B Cell Pathol. Incl. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.4.1283","article-title":"Mechanism of action and in vivo role of platelet-derived growth factor","volume":"79","author":"Heldin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref1071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4254","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.10.4254","article-title":"Mammary tumor suppression by transforming growth factor-\u03b21 transgene expression","volume":"92","author":"Pierce","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref1171","first-page":"2013","article-title":"Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, its receptor, and other angiogenic factors in human breast cancer","volume":"56","author":"Yoshiji","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2119\/2006-00024.Man","article-title":"Immunolocalization and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) and neuropilins (NRPs) on keratinocytes in human epidermis","volume":"12","author":"Man","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1159\/000151572","article-title":"Lymphatic microvessel density and the expression of lymphoangiogenic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Ali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract."},{"key":"ref931","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700360","article-title":"GISTs with PDGFRA exon 14 mutations represent subset of clinically favourable gastric tumors with epitheloid morphology","volume":"86","author":"Lasota","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24399","article-title":"Distinct mechanisms of TGF-beta1-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis during skin carcinogenesis","volume":"115","author":"Han","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.21.022404.142018","article-title":"Specificity and versatility in TGF-beta signaling through SMADS","volume":"21","author":"Feng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6649","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-0414","article-title":"Inverse prognostic impact of angiogenic marker expression in tumor cells versus stromal cells in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"13","author":"Donnem","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(06)97011-0","article-title":"PDGF receptors as targets in tumor treatment","volume":"97","author":"Ostman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1653708","article-title":"Role of platelet-derived growth factors in physiology and medicine","volume":"22","author":"Andrae","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref571","first-page":"2013","article-title":"Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, its receptor, and other angiogenic factors in human breast cancer","volume":"56","author":"Yoshiji","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1139\/o97-091","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factors and their receptors","volume":"75","author":"Galzie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref1121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1006\/scbi.1998.0091","article-title":"VEGFs, receptors and angiogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Veikkola","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5018","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-1520","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathways: therapeutic perspective","volume":"12","author":"Kowanetz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref551","first-page":"534","article-title":"Eye and ear","volume-title":"Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals","author":"Wilcock","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.9.365","article-title":"Synergistic effect of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor on angiogenesis in vivo","volume":"92","author":"Asahara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.44-6-823","article-title":"Immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor associated with tumor cell proliferation in canine cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and trichoepitheliomas","volume":"44","author":"Al-Dissi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref1111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/17826","article-title":"Inhibition of transforming growth factor-s\/SMAD signalling by the interferon-\u03b3\/STAT pathway","volume":"397","author":"Ulloa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3109\/08977199809017488","article-title":"Ovine vascular endothelial growth factor: nucleotide sequence and expression in fetal tissues","volume":"16","author":"Cheung","year":"1998","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)55365-5","article-title":"Differential expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptors in human malignant glioma cell lines","volume":"266","author":"Nister","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1653708","article-title":"Role of platelet-derived growth factors in physiology and medicine","volume":"22","author":"Andrae","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref1081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90733-6","article-title":"The biology of platelet-derived growth factor","volume":"46","author":"Ross","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1006\/scbi.1998.0091","article-title":"VEGFs, receptors and angiogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Veikkola","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref1191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20934","article-title":"Expression of hepatocyte growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor as prognostic indicators in gastric cancer","volume":"292","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anat. Rec. (Hoboken)"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2009.01158.x","article-title":"Angiogenic growth factors in tissue homogenates of HNSCC: expression pattern, prognostic relevance and interrelationships","volume":"100","author":"Montag","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref861","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20111020","article-title":"Platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) activation by serine proteases; implications for breast cancer progression","volume":"441","author":"Hurst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref1021","first-page":"617","article-title":"Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor is associated with a good outcome in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"14","author":"Nakamura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref1141","first-page":"885","article-title":"Metastatic cutaneous cell carcinoma: an update","volume":"33","author":"Weinberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/17826","article-title":"Inhibition of transforming growth factor-s\/SMAD signalling by the interferon-\u03b3\/STAT pathway","volume":"397","author":"Ulloa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-009-0072-5","article-title":"Spontaneous canine gliomas: overexpression of EGFR, PDGFRalpha and IGFBP2 demonstrated by tissue microarray immunophenotyping","volume":"98","author":"Higgins","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910640208","article-title":"Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is associated with degree of histologic differentiation","volume":"64","author":"Janot","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10166","article-title":"Topotecan inhibits VEGF- and bFGF-induced vascular endothelial cell migration via downregulation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway","volume":"98","author":"Nakashio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2011.04.013","article-title":"Prediction of outcome of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma using vascular invasion and the strongly positive expression of vascular endothelial growth factors","volume":"47","author":"Seki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral. Oncol."},{"key":"ref1051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)55365-5","article-title":"Differential expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptors in human malignant glioma cell lines","volume":"266","author":"Nister","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M200008-MCP200","article-title":"Discordant protein and mRNA expression in lung adenocarcinomas","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteomics"},{"key":"ref1151","first-page":"534","article-title":"Eye and ear","volume-title":"Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals","author":"Wilcock","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.2.187","article-title":"A mechanism of suppression of TGF-s\/SMAD signalling by NF-kappa B\/RelA","volume":"14","author":"Bitzer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gene Dev."},{"key":"ref581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-12-439","article-title":"Up-regulation of platelet-derived growth factor-A is responsible for the failure of re-initiated interferon alpha treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref791","first-page":"845","article-title":"Co-expression of receptor tyrosine kinases in esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell cancer","volume":"20","author":"Gockel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2008.6","article-title":"Angiogenic heterogeneity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: biological and therapeutic implications","volume":"88","author":"Hasina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02899402","article-title":"Expression of several growth factors and their receptor genes in human colon carcinomas","volume":"59","author":"Ito","year":"1990","journal-title":"Virchows Arch. B Cell Pathol. Incl. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref1101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2011.04.013","article-title":"Prediction of outcome of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma using vascular invasion and the strongly positive expression of vascular endothelial growth factors","volume":"47","author":"Seki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral. Oncol."},{"key":"ref191","first-page":"845","article-title":"Co-expression of receptor tyrosine kinases in esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell cancer","volume":"20","author":"Gockel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref811","first-page":"581","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma","volume-title":"Skin Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Clinical and Histopathological Diagnosis","author":"Gross","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref1161","first-page":"1463","article-title":"Expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) and its ligand VEGF-C in human colorectal adenocarcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Witte","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"255","article-title":"The platelet-derived growth factor receptor as a target for vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated anti-angiogenetic therapy in head and neck cancer","volume":"34","author":"Bran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.44-6-823","article-title":"Immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor associated with tumor cell proliferation in canine cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and trichoepitheliomas","volume":"44","author":"Al-Dissi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.9.365","article-title":"Synergistic effect of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor on angiogenesis in vivo","volume":"92","author":"Asahara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2008.6","article-title":"Angiogenic heterogeneity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: biological and therapeutic implications","volume":"88","author":"Hasina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2004.08.034","article-title":"PDGF-BB induces intratumoral lymphangiogenesis and promotes lymphatic metastasis","volume":"6","author":"Cao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-009-0072-5","article-title":"Spontaneous canine gliomas: overexpression of EGFR, PDGFRalpha and IGFBP2 demonstrated by tissue microarray immunophenotyping","volume":"98","author":"Higgins","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref421","first-page":"617","article-title":"Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor is associated with a good outcome in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"14","author":"Nakamura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(84)90194-6","article-title":"Expression of the normal human sis\/PDGF-2 coding sequence induces cellular transformation","volume":"39","author":"Gazit","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref1001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.266","article-title":"The human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment is characterized by increased lymphatic density and enhanced expression of macrophage-derived VEGF-C","volume":"131","author":"Moussai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20934","article-title":"Expression of hepatocyte growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor as prognostic indicators in gastric cancer","volume":"292","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anat. Rec. (Hoboken)"},{"key":"ref911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.1379","article-title":"Clinicopathological significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C in human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"93","author":"Kitadai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5018","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-1520","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathways: therapeutic perspective","volume":"12","author":"Kowanetz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90733-6","article-title":"The biology of platelet-derived growth factor","volume":"46","author":"Ross","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref1061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(06)97011-0","article-title":"PDGF receptors as targets in tumor treatment","volume":"97","author":"Ostman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.18.1.0287","article-title":"The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"18","author":"Ferrara","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref1181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-12-439","article-title":"Up-regulation of platelet-derived growth factor-A is responsible for the failure of re-initiated interferon alpha treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2011.00806.x","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 enhances invasion and metastasis in Ras-transfected human malignant epidermal keratinocytes","volume":"93","author":"Davies","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.266","article-title":"The human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment is characterized by increased lymphatic density and enhanced expression of macrophage-derived VEGF-C","volume":"131","author":"Moussai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref951","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2119\/2006-00024.Man","article-title":"Immunolocalization and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) and neuropilins (NRPs) on keratinocytes in human epidermis","volume":"12","author":"Man","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref1011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1994.tb00443.x","article-title":"Immunocytochemical localization of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) and FGF-2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)","volume":"23","author":"Myoken","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2003.00012.x","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients as related to prognosis","volume":"32","author":"Logullo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20010215)52:4<420::AID-JEMT1027>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Role of TGFbeta signaling in skin carcinogenesis","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Micros. Res. Tech."},{"key":"ref561","first-page":"1463","article-title":"Expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) and its ligand VEGF-C in human colorectal adenocarcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Witte","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-004-0780-7","article-title":"Imatinib mesylate inhibits platelet-derived growth factor activity and increases chemosensitivity in feline vaccine-associated sarcoma","volume":"54","author":"Katayama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.4.1283","article-title":"Mechanism of action and in vivo role of platelet-derived growth factor","volume":"79","author":"Heldin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600289","article-title":"VEGF-null cells require PDGFR \u03b1 signaling-mediated stromal fibroblast recruitment for tumorigenesis","volume":"23","author":"Dong","year":"2004","journal-title":"EMBO J."}],"container-title":["Acta Veterinaria Hungarica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/004\/68\/1\/article-p37.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/004\/68\/1\/article-p37.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T03:30:13Z","timestamp":1637379013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/004\/68\/1\/article-p37.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]},"references-count":120,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/004.2020.00005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0236-6290","1588-2705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0236-6290","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]}}}