{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T23:23:18Z","timestamp":1784071398973,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AVet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The causative role of some infectious agents found in cases of feline pneumonia is under debate, because they are also part of the physiological microbiota of the respiratory tract of healthy animals. In this retrospective study, archived formalin-fixed and paraffin-wax-embedded lung samples of 69 severe and lethal cases of pneumonia in cats were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the detection of nine selected infectious agents:<jats:italic>Pasteurella multocida<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Bordetella bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Mycoplasma felis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>M. gateae<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Chlamydia felis<\/jats:italic>, feline herpesvirus type 1, feline coronavirus, canine distemper virus, and<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>. The intention was to elucidate their immediate involvement in pneumonia formation. Due to the cross-reactivity of the applied antibodies, a species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for both targeted<jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>species was applied additionally. In the 42 cases (60.9%) positive for at least one pathogen, several agents were present in a high proportion of the samples (<jats:italic>P. multocida \u2013<\/jats:italic>34.8%,<jats:italic>B. bronchiseptica \u2013<\/jats:italic>29.0%), while others were present in a moderate (feline herpesvirus type 1 \u2013 18.8%,<jats:italic>M. gateae \u2013<\/jats:italic>13.0%,<jats:italic>M. felis \u2013<\/jats:italic>10.1%) or low percentage (<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\u2013 1.4%). All samples were negative for<jats:italic>C. felis<\/jats:italic>, feline coronavirus and canine distemper virus. Mixed infections of up to four pathogens were more frequent than single infections.<jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>preferably colonised lung tissue damaged by other pathogens because they never occurred as single infections.<jats:italic>Pasteurella multocida<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>B. bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>M. felis<\/jats:italic>, feline herpesvirus type 1 and<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>showed abundant replication within lung lesions, thus suggesting a prominent role in pneumonia formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2020.00037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T03:00:32Z","timestamp":1606100432000},"page":"275-284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A retrospective study on the presence of selected infectious agents in lung samples of cats with pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Schmal-Filius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Nedorost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Weissenbacher-Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8197-6379","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Herbert","family":"Weissenb\u00f6ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.133.11.260","article-title":"Feline bordetellosis: challenge and vaccine studies","volume":"133","author":"Jacobs","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref651","first-page":"132","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of upper respiratory disease and associated risk factors in cats in an animal shelter in coastal western Canada","volume":"54","author":"Gourkow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1998.tb10178.x","article-title":"Pneumonia associated with Mycoplasma spp. in three cats","volume":"76","author":"Foster","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref441","first-page":"395","article-title":"Pulmonary response to intratracheal challenge with Pasteurella multocida","volume":"49","author":"Ames","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can. J. Comp. Med."},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2006.10.002","article-title":"Erosive polyarthritis associated with Mycoplasma gateae in a cat","volume":"9","author":"Zeugswetter","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"803","article-title":"Canine distemper virus in domestic cats and pigs","volume":"35","author":"Appel","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"541","article-title":"Experimentally induced feline chlamydial infection (feline pneumonitis)","volume":"39","author":"Hoover","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100.7.128","article-title":"Experimental induction of feline viral rhinotracheitis virus re-excretion in FVR-recovered cats","volume":"100","author":"Gaskell","year":"1977","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"991","article-title":"Mycoplasma felis-associated conjunctivitis in cats","volume":"163","author":"Campbell","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2003.12.001","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of feline bronchoalveolar lavage cytology and microbiology (1995\u20132000)","volume":"6","author":"Foster","year":"2004b","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006063","article-title":"Feline herpesvirus","volume":"38","author":"Gaskell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref451","first-page":"803","article-title":"Canine distemper virus in domestic cats and pigs","volume":"35","author":"Appel","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1998.tb10178.x","article-title":"Pneumonia associated with Mycoplasma spp. in three cats","volume":"76","author":"Foster","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2003.11.006","article-title":"Lower respiratory tract infections in cats: 21 cases (1995\u20132000)","volume":"6","author":"Foster","year":"2004a","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref01","first-page":"395","article-title":"Pulmonary response to intratracheal challenge with Pasteurella multocida","volume":"49","author":"Ames","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can. J. Comp. Med."},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.07.010","article-title":"Tracheal organ cultures as a useful tool to study felid herpesvirus 1 infection in respiratory epithelium","volume":"138","author":"Leeming","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X12451796","article-title":"Mycoplasma species in cats with lower airway disease: improved detection and species identification using a polymerase chain reaction assay","volume":"14","author":"Reed","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(02)00022-3","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of feline bordetellosis in two animal shelters in California, USA","volume":"54","author":"Foley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref871","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2006.10.002","article-title":"Erosive polyarthritis associated with Mycoplasma gateae in a cat","volume":"9","author":"Zeugswetter","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref211","first-page":"132","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of upper respiratory disease and associated risk factors in cats in an animal shelter in coastal western Canada","volume":"54","author":"Gourkow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00074.x","article-title":"Mycoplasma felis arthritis in two cats","volume":"47","author":"Liehmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.5326\/0380111","article-title":"Mycoplasmal respiratory infections in small animals: 17 cases (1988\u20131999)","volume":"38","author":"Chandler","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc."},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985817720982","article-title":"Feline herpesvirus pneumonia: investigations into the pathogenesis","volume":"54","author":"Monne Rodriguez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.129.18.407","article-title":"Isolation of B. bronchiseptica from kittens with pneumonia in a breeding cattery","volume":"129","author":"Willoughby","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2004.07.004","article-title":"Epidemiologic evaluation of multiple respiratory pathogens in cats in animal shelters","volume":"7","author":"Bannasch","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2009.04.008","article-title":"Occurrence, morphological characterization and antigen localization of felid herpesvirus-induced pneumonia in cats: a retrospective study (2000\u20132006)","volume":"141","author":"Chvala-Mannsberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.250.4.397","article-title":"A systemic review and meta-analysis of the association between Mycoplasma spp. and upper and lower respiratory tract disease in cats","volume":"250","author":"Le Boedec","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.5326\/0380111","article-title":"Mycoplasmal respiratory infections in small animals: 17 cases (1988\u20131999)","volume":"38","author":"Chandler","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc."},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.129.18.407","article-title":"Isolation of B. bronchiseptica from kittens with pneumonia in a breeding cattery","volume":"129","author":"Willoughby","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1126\/science.96.2499.475","article-title":"A virus obtained from a pneumonia of cats and its possible relation to the cause of atypical pneumonia in man","volume":"20","author":"Baker","year":"1942","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2008.02.003","article-title":"Case report: primary mycoplasma pneumonia associated with reversible respiratory failure in a cat","volume":"10","author":"Trow","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2003.12.001","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of feline bronchoalveolar lavage cytology and microbiology (1995\u20132000)","volume":"6","author":"Foster","year":"2004b","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.07.010","article-title":"Tracheal organ cultures as a useful tool to study felid herpesvirus 1 infection in respiratory epithelium","volume":"138","author":"Leeming","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2006.02.004","article-title":"Natural feline coronavirus infection: differences in cytokine patterns in association with the outcome of infection","volume":"112","author":"Kipar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.04.004","article-title":"Calicivirus co-infections in herpesvirus pneumonia in kittens","volume":"236","author":"Monne Rodriguez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2011.03.009","article-title":"Lower respiratory tract infections in cats: reaching beyond empirical therapy","volume":"13","author":"Foster","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.203.11.1556","article-title":"Histologically confirmed clinical toxoplasmosis in cats: 100 cases (1952\u20131990)","volume":"203","author":"Dubey","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2010.06.002","article-title":"Infectious causes for feline upper respiratory tract disease \u2013 a case-control study","volume":"12","author":"Holst","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2016.011","article-title":"Age-related presence of selected viral and bacterial pathogens in paraffin-embedded lung samples of dogs with pneumonia","volume":"64","author":"W\u00f6hrer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Hung."},{"key":"ref511","first-page":"991","article-title":"Mycoplasma felis-associated conjunctivitis in cats","volume":"163","author":"Campbell","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X14524969","article-title":"Detection of feline Mycoplasma species in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis","volume":"16","author":"Schulz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref381","first-page":"1212","article-title":"Canine mycoplasmas: their ecologic niche and role in disease","volume":"180","author":"Rosendal","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(95)00128-X","article-title":"Studies on natural transmission of Bordetella bronchiseptica in cats","volume":"48","author":"Coutts","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2004.07.004","article-title":"Epidemiologic evaluation of multiple respiratory pathogens in cats in animal shelters","volume":"7","author":"Bannasch","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.203.11.1556","article-title":"Histologically confirmed clinical toxoplasmosis in cats: 100 cases (1952\u20131990)","volume":"203","author":"Dubey","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.79.2.159","article-title":"A virus causing pneumonia in cats and producing elementary bodies","volume":"79","author":"Baker","year":"1944","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref681","first-page":"541","article-title":"Experimentally induced feline chlamydial infection (feline pneumonitis)","volume":"39","author":"Hoover","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.93.7.204","article-title":"Re-excretion of feline viral rhinotracheitis virus following corticosteroid treatment","volume":"93","author":"Gaskell","year":"1973","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(98)00152-4","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of Bordetella bronchiseptica from cats in southern Louisiana","volume":"65","author":"Hoskins","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0451","article-title":"Feline infectious pneumonia: a short literature review and a retrospective immunohistological study on the involvement of Chlamydia spp. and distemper virus","volume":"159","author":"Bart","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref501","first-page":"1109","article-title":"Atypical pneumonia associated with a Mycoplasma isolate in a kitten","volume":"53","author":"Bongrand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2006.02.004","article-title":"Natural feline coronavirus infection: differences in cytokine patterns in association with the outcome of infection","volume":"112","author":"Kipar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2010.06.002","article-title":"Infectious causes for feline upper respiratory tract disease \u2013 a case-control study","volume":"12","author":"Holst","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.79.2.159","article-title":"A virus causing pneumonia in cats and producing elementary bodies","volume":"79","author":"Baker","year":"1944","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0451","article-title":"Feline infectious pneumonia: a short literature review and a retrospective immunohistological study on the involvement of Chlamydia spp. and distemper virus","volume":"159","author":"Bart","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006063","article-title":"Feline herpesvirus","volume":"38","author":"Gaskell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(98)00152-4","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of Bordetella bronchiseptica from cats in southern Louisiana","volume":"65","author":"Hoskins","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00074.x","article-title":"Mycoplasma felis arthritis in two cats","volume":"47","author":"Liehmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1126\/science.96.2499.475","article-title":"A virus obtained from a pneumonia of cats and its possible relation to the cause of atypical pneumonia in man","volume":"20","author":"Baker","year":"1942","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2009.04.008","article-title":"Occurrence, morphological characterization and antigen localization of felid herpesvirus-induced pneumonia in cats: a retrospective study (2000\u20132006)","volume":"141","author":"Chvala-Mannsberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref801","first-page":"368","article-title":"An enteric coronavirus infection of cats and its relationship to feline infectious peritonitis","volume":"42","author":"Pedersen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985817720982","article-title":"Feline herpesvirus pneumonia: investigations into the pathogenesis","volume":"54","author":"Monne Rodriguez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2003.11.006","article-title":"Lower respiratory tract infections in cats: 21 cases (1995\u20132000)","volume":"6","author":"Foster","year":"2004a","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(95)00128-X","article-title":"Studies on natural transmission of Bordetella bronchiseptica in cats","volume":"48","author":"Coutts","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref861","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2016.011","article-title":"Age-related presence of selected viral and bacterial pathogens in paraffin-embedded lung samples of dogs with pneumonia","volume":"64","author":"W\u00f6hrer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Hung."},{"key":"ref711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-004-0331-5","article-title":"Pasteurella multocida septicemia caused by close contact with a domestic cat: case report and literature review","volume":"10","author":"Kimura","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"ref821","first-page":"1212","article-title":"Canine mycoplasmas: their ecologic niche and role in disease","volume":"180","author":"Rosendal","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2011.03.009","article-title":"Lower respiratory tract infections in cats: reaching beyond empirical therapy","volume":"13","author":"Foster","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X14524969","article-title":"Detection of feline Mycoplasma species in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis","volume":"16","author":"Schulz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref611","first-page":"97","article-title":"Feline respiratory disease","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat","author":"Gaskell","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X14539087","article-title":"Feline respiratory disease: what is the role of Mycoplasma species?","volume":"16","author":"Lee-Fowler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-004-0331-5","article-title":"Pasteurella multocida septicemia caused by close contact with a domestic cat: case report and literature review","volume":"10","author":"Kimura","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X12451796","article-title":"Mycoplasma species in cats with lower airway disease: improved detection and species identification using a polymerase chain reaction assay","volume":"14","author":"Reed","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100.7.128","article-title":"Experimental induction of feline viral rhinotracheitis virus re-excretion in FVR-recovered cats","volume":"100","author":"Gaskell","year":"1977","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.133.11.260","article-title":"Feline bordetellosis: challenge and vaccine studies","volume":"133","author":"Jacobs","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-1280-2_69","article-title":"Virologic and immunologic aspects of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection","volume":"218","author":"Pedersen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(91)90045-H","article-title":"Incidence and significance of isolation of Mycoplasma felis from conjunctival swabs of cats","volume":"26","author":"Haesebrouck","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-1280-2_69","article-title":"Virologic and immunologic aspects of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection","volume":"218","author":"Pedersen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.250.4.397","article-title":"A systemic review and meta-analysis of the association between Mycoplasma spp. and upper and lower respiratory tract disease in cats","volume":"250","author":"Le Boedec","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.04.004","article-title":"Calicivirus co-infections in herpesvirus pneumonia in kittens","volume":"236","author":"Monne Rodriguez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref171","first-page":"97","article-title":"Feline respiratory disease","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat","author":"Gaskell","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(02)00022-3","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of feline bordetellosis in two animal shelters in California, USA","volume":"54","author":"Foley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.93.7.204","article-title":"Re-excretion of feline viral rhinotracheitis virus following corticosteroid treatment","volume":"93","author":"Gaskell","year":"1973","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(91)90045-H","article-title":"Incidence and significance of isolation of Mycoplasma felis from conjunctival swabs of cats","volume":"26","author":"Haesebrouck","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref361","first-page":"368","article-title":"An enteric coronavirus infection of cats and its relationship to feline infectious peritonitis","volume":"42","author":"Pedersen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"1109","article-title":"Atypical pneumonia associated with a Mycoplasma isolate in a kitten","volume":"53","author":"Bongrand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2008.02.003","article-title":"Case report: primary mycoplasma pneumonia associated with reversible respiratory failure in a cat","volume":"10","author":"Trow","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X14539087","article-title":"Feline respiratory disease: what is the role of Mycoplasma species?","volume":"16","author":"Lee-Fowler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."}],"container-title":["Acta Veterinaria Hungarica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/004\/68\/3\/article-p275.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/004\/68\/3\/article-p275.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]],"date-time":"2024-08-17T21:27:54Z","timestamp":1723930074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/004\/68\/3\/article-p275.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/004.2020.00037","relation":{},"ISSN":["0236-6290","1588-2705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0236-6290","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]}}}