{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T14:08:52Z","timestamp":1758636532508,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Wilms\u2019 tumour gene (<jats:italic>WT1<\/jats:italic>) has previously been described as an oncogene in several neoplasms of humans, including melanoma, and its expression increases cancer cell proliferation. Recent reports associate the expression of the <jats:italic>PPAR\u03b2\/\u03b4<\/jats:italic> gene (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta\/delta) with the downregulation of <jats:italic>WT1<\/jats:italic> in human melanoma and murine melanoma cell lines. The aim of this work was to analyse the expression of <jats:italic>WT1<\/jats:italic> and its association with <jats:italic>PPAR\u03b2\/\u03b4<\/jats:italic> in samples of healthy and melanoma-affected skin of horses by immunohistochemistry. WT1 protein expression was detected in healthy skin, mainly in the epidermis, hair follicle, sebaceous gland and sweat gland, while no expression was observed in equine melanoma tissues. Moreover, it was observed that <jats:italic>PPAR\u03b2\/\u03b4<\/jats:italic> has a basal expression in healthy skin and that it is overexpressed in melanoma. These results were confirmed by a densitometric analysis, where a significant increase of the <jats:italic>WT1<\/jats:italic>-positive area was observed in healthy skin (128.66 \u00b1 19.84 pixels 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>) compared with that observed in melanoma (1.94 \u00b1 0.04 pixels 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>). On the other hand, a positive area with an expression of <jats:italic>PPAR\u03b2\/\u03b4<\/jats:italic> in healthy skin (214.94 \u00b1 11.85 pixels 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>) was significantly decreased compared to melanoma (624.86 \u00b1 181.93 pixels 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>). These data suggest that there could be a regulation between <jats:italic>WT1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>PPAR\u03b2\/\u03b4<\/jats:italic> in this disease in horses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2020.00045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T03:01:19Z","timestamp":1612321279000},"page":"374-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Expression of the Wilms\u2019 tumour gene and its association with PPAR\u03b2\/\u03b4 in healthy skin and melanoma of horses"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Itzel Y.","family":"Rangel-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Av. Francisco Villa s\/n, Ex Hacienda el Canad\u00e1, 66050 Gral. Escobedo, NL, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Salas-Trevi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Soto-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oscar I.","family":"Garza-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Av. Francisco Villa s\/n, Ex Hacienda el Canad\u00e1, 66050 Gral. Escobedo, NL, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Odila","family":"Saucedo-C\u00e1rdenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Mexico"},{"name":"3Northeast Biomedical Research Centre (CIBIN) of the IMSS, Monterrey, NL, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Zapata-Benavides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan J.","family":"Zarate-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sibilina","family":"Cedillo-Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2225-0495","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diana E.","family":"Zamora-\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Av. Francisco Villa s\/n, Ex Hacienda el Canad\u00e1, 66050 Gral. Escobedo, NL, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref161","first-page":"1","article-title":"Melanoma and the greying horse: A study of the grey horse melanoma, with special reference to prevalence, tumor structure and biology and associated pigment metabolism abnormalities: A report for the rural industries research development corporation","author":"Sutton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rural Ind. Res. Develop. Corp."},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800588","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection of WT1 protein in a variety of cancer cells","volume":"19","author":"Nakatsuka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mod. 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Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.90879","article-title":"The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor: A family of nuclear receptors role in various diseases","volume":"2","author":"Tyagi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Research (JAPTR)"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"161","article-title":"Targeting the PPARs","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00edn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Cutan. Iber. Am."},{"key":"ref371","first-page":"161","article-title":"Targeting the PPARs","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00edn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Cutan. Iber. Am."},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870601800121","article-title":"Survey of equine cutaneous neoplasia in the Pacific Northwest","volume":"18","author":"Valentine","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."},{"key":"ref311","first-page":"674","article-title":"Ligand-activated PPAR\u03b4 modulates the migration and invasion of melanoma cells by regulating Snail expression","volume":"4","author":"Ham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"674","article-title":"Ligand-activated PPAR\u03b4 modulates the migration and invasion of melanoma cells by regulating Snail expression","volume":"4","author":"Ham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2018.10.011","article-title":"Comparison of different methodologies and cryostat versus paraffin sections for chromogenic immunohistochemistry","volume":"121","author":"Hira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3444","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511253103","article-title":"PPAR\u03b4 regulates glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity","volume":"103","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.1.99","article-title":"Cutaneous neoplastic lesions of equids in the central United States and Canada: 3,351 biopsy specimens from 3,272 equids (2000\u20132010)","volume":"242","author":"Schaffer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.90879","article-title":"The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor: A family of nuclear receptors role in various diseases","volume":"2","author":"Tyagi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Research (JAPTR)"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800588","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection of WT1 protein in a variety of cancer cells","volume":"19","author":"Nakatsuka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0b013e3282efd3ae","article-title":"RNAi silencing of the WT1 gene inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in the B16F10 murine melanoma cell line","volume":"17","author":"Zamora-Avila","year":"2007","journal-title":"Melanoma Res."},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2000.130109.x","article-title":"The study of cutaneous melanomas in Camargue-type gray-skinned horses (2): Epidemiological survey","volume":"13","author":"Fleury","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pigm. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870601800121","article-title":"Survey of equine cutaneous neoplasia in the Pacific Northwest","volume":"18","author":"Valentine","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-007-0340-1","article-title":"The Wilms\u2019 tumor suppressor WT1 is associated with melanoma proliferation","volume":"455","author":"Wagner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch. \u2013 Eur. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.2010.02116.x","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of pigmentation genes in horses","volume":"41","author":"Bellone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Genet."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-009-0776-6","article-title":"PPAR\u03b2 activation inhibits melanoma cell proliferation involving repression of the Wilms\u2019 tumor suppressor WT1","volume":"459","author":"Michiels","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch. \u2013 Eur. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2009.35","article-title":"WT1 gene silencing by aerosol delivery of PEI-RNAi complexes inhibits B16-F10 lung metastases growth","volume":"16","author":"Zamora-Avila","year":"2009","journal-title":"Canc. Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087327","article-title":"Regulation of fatty acid oxidation in mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes during maturation and modulation by PPAR agonists","volume":"9","author":"Dunning","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S106","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V11suppl_2s106","article-title":"Wilms\u2019 tumor suppressor gene WT1: From structure to renal pathophysiologic features","volume":"11","author":"Mrowka","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3444","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511253103","article-title":"PPAR\u03b4 regulates glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity","volume":"103","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2000.130109.x","article-title":"The study of cutaneous melanomas in Camargue-type gray-skinned horses (2): Epidemiological survey","volume":"13","author":"Fleury","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pigm. Cell Res."},{"volume-title":"Analysis of the Expression of WT1 Gene (Wilm\u2019s tumor) in Equine Melanoma [in Spanish]","year":"2015","author":"Garza-Rodr\u00edguez","key":"ref301"}],"container-title":["Acta Veterinaria Hungarica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/004\/68\/4\/article-p374.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/004\/68\/4\/article-p374.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T23:27:57Z","timestamp":1640042877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/004\/68\/4\/article-p374.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/004.2020.00045","relation":{},"ISSN":["0236-6290","1588-2705"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0236-6290"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1588-2705"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]}}}