{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:21:43Z","timestamp":1773663703203,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Scientific Research Projects","award":["TSA-2016-526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSA-2016-526"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AVet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and types of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative enteric bacteria isolated from<jats:italic>Pelophylax<\/jats:italic>sp. Fifty-four frogs were collected from six provinces in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. In the cloacal swab cultures, bacteria from 160 different colonies were identified by biochemical tests, automated systems, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by the disk diffusion method. The observed drug resistance rate was the highest to ampicillin and cefazolin, while the lowest against ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. In the molecular assays,<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>(8<jats:italic>Citrobacter<\/jats:italic>spp.),<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>(2<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, 1<jats:italic>Hafnia alvei<\/jats:italic>, and a<jats:italic>Serratia liquefaciens<\/jats:italic>),<jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>A genes (<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>spp.) and a class 1 integron without any gene cassette (<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>) were detected. Among the strains, no plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance [<jats:italic>qnrA<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>qnrB<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>qepA<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>aac (6 \u2032)-Ib-cr<\/jats:italic>] was found. However, two of three quinolone-resistant<jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>strains showed the novel amino acid substitution in the<jats:italic>gyr<\/jats:italic>A gene resulting in Ser83Asp and Asp87Glu.The clonality between<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>isolates was also examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. We consider that multidrug-resistant Gram-negative enteric bacteria in the intestinal microbiota of a cosmopolitan frog species might be a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2021.00039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T07:01:42Z","timestamp":1632726102000},"page":"223-233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Determination and molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative enteric bacteria isolated from Pelophylax sp. in the Eastern Black Sea Region"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4464-4882","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erva","family":"Rakici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53020 Rize, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2934-7414","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Altunisik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6459-1853","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kazim","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53020 Rize, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3665-6584","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Osman Birol","family":"Ozgumus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53020 Rize, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref1011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.2.491","article-title":"Detection of mutations of parC in quinolone-resistance clinical isolates of Escherichia coli","volume":"40","author":"Villa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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