{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T20:59:07Z","timestamp":1758056347480,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031691","name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SRF-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRF-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AVet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In small ruminants, assessing the success of superovulatory treatments can be challenging, as there is considerable variability between individual animals. The current \u201egold standard\u201d for examination of the superovulated ovaries is laparoscopy. B-mode ultrasonography with a transrectal or transvaginal transducer can also be used to locate the ovarian structures.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In this study, 23 Merino ewes were used to test two types of ultrasonographic examination techniques against laparoscopy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The ewes were treated with long-term (12 days) progesterone treatment followed by a single injection of eCG (1000 IU) at removal of the progesterone sponge. The animals were examined two days after sponge removal and 7 days after the first examination.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The chance of localizing the ovaries was significantly higher with the transrectal method than with the vaginal ultrasonography (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). In cases when the ovary was successfully visualized, there was a significant difference between the number of ovarian structures (antral follicles and corpora lutea) detected by transrectal ultrasonography and laparoscopy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). There was no significant difference between intravaginal examination and laparoscopy in this regard.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The current results are promising in the usefulness of vaginal ultrasonography as an alternative to the more commonly used transrectal technique.<\/jats:p><jats:p>However, more research is needed to evaluate if either the transrectal or the vaginal ultrasound examination can be completely reliable in assessing the results of a superovulatory treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2025.01116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T15:36:57Z","timestamp":1756827417000},"page":"186-191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Controlling the success of superovulatory treatments in ewes: Comparing laparoscopy to\u00a0transrectal and transvaginal ultrasonography"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Csepreghy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Production Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Street 2, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bogl\u00e1rka","family":"Vincze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Production Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Street 2, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"L\u00e9n\u00e1rt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Production Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Street 2, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melinda","family":"Bagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, University of Debrecen, B\u00f6sz\u00f6rm\u00e9nyi Str. 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f3zsef","family":"R\u00e1tky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Production Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Istv\u00e1n Street 2, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N\u00f3ra","family":"Vass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, University of Debrecen, B\u00f6sz\u00f6rm\u00e9nyi Str. 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Theriogenology","first-page":"147","article-title":"The repeatability of superovulatory response and embryo recovery in sheep","volume":"56","author":"Bari, F.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bari, F., Khalid, M., Wolf, B., Haresign, W., Murray, A. and Merrell, B. (2001): The repeatability of superovulatory response and embryo recovery in sheep. Theriogenology 56, 147\u2013155."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Theriogenology","first-page":"311","article-title":"Ultrasound and endocrine evaluation of the ovarian response to a single dose of 500 IU of eCG following a 12-day treatment with progestogen-releasing intravaginal sponges in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons in ewes","volume":"61","author":"Barrett, D. M. W.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barrett, D. M. W., Bartlewski, P. M., Batista-Arteaga, M., Symington, A. and Rawlings, N. C. (2004): Ultrasound and endocrine evaluation of the ovarian response to a single dose of 500 IU of eCG following a 12-day treatment with progestogen-releasing intravaginal sponges in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons in ewes. Theriogenology 61, 311\u2013327."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Theriogenology","first-page":"1409","article-title":"Ultrasound and endocrine evaluation of the ovarian response to PGF2\u03b1 given at different stages of the luteal phase in ewes","volume":"58","author":"Barrett, D. M. W.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barrett, D. M. W., Bartlewski, P. M., Cook, S. J. and Rawlings, N. C. (2002): Ultrasound and endocrine evaluation of the ovarian response to PGF2\u03b1 given at different stages of the luteal phase in ewes. Theriogenology 58, 1409\u20131424."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Reproduction","first-page":"111","article-title":"Ovarian antral follicular dynamics and their relationships with endocrine variables throughout the oestrous cycle in breeds of sheep differing in prolificacy","volume":"115","author":"Bartlewski, P. M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bartlewski, P. M., Beard, A. P., Cook, S. J., Chandolia, R. K., Honaramooz, A. and Rawlings, N. C. (1999): Ovarian antral follicular dynamics and their relationships with endocrine variables throughout the oestrous cycle in breeds of sheep differing in prolificacy. Reproduction 115, 111\u2013124."},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Theriogenology","first-page":"130","article-title":"Intrinsic determinants and predictors of superovulatory yields in sheep: circulating concentrations of reproductive hormones, ovarian status, and antral follicular blood flow","volume":"86","author":"Bartlewski, P. M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bartlewski, P. M., Seaton, P., Oliveira, M. E. F., Kridli, R. T., Murawski, M. and Schwarz, T. (2016): Intrinsic determinants and predictors of superovulatory yields in sheep: circulating concentrations of reproductive hormones, ovarian status, and antral follicular blood flow. Theriogenology 86, 130\u2013143."},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Small Rumin. Res.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2016.12.021","article-title":"Use of ultrasonographic examination in sheep veterinary practice","volume":"152","author":"Crilly, J. P.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Crilly, J. P., Politis, A. P. and Hamer, K. (2017): Use of ultrasonographic examination in sheep veterinary practice. Small Rumin. Res. 152, 166\u2013173. 10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2016.12.021"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Theriogenology","first-page":"1209","article-title":"Determination of corpora lutea numbers in Booroola\u2014Texel ewes using transrectal ultrasound","volume":"51","author":"Dickie, A. M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dickie, A. M., Paterson, C., Anderson, J. L. M. and Boyd, J. S. (1999): Determination of corpora lutea numbers in Booroola\u2014Texel ewes using transrectal ultrasound. Theriogenology 51, 1209\u20131224."},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1071\/RD04033","article-title":"Multiple factors affecting the efficiency of multiple ovulation and embryo transfer in sheep and goats","volume":"16","author":"Gonz\u00b4lez-Bulnes, A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gonz\u00b4lez-Bulnes, A., Baird, D. T., Campbell, B. K., Cocero, M. J., Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda, R. M., Inskeep, E. K., L\u00f3pez-Sebasti\u00e1n, A., McNeilly, A. S., Santiago-Moreno, J., Souza, C. J. H. and Veiga-L\u00f3pez, A. (2004): Multiple factors affecting the efficiency of multiple ovulation and embryo transfer in sheep and goats. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 16, 421. 10.1071\/RD04033"},{"key":"B9","series-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2010.01640.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic imaging in small ruminant reproduction: ultrasonography in small ruminant reproduction","volume":"45","author":"Gonzalez-Bulnes, A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Bulnes, A., Pallares, P. and Vazquez, M. (2010): Ultrasonographic imaging in small ruminant reproduction: ultrasonography in small ruminant reproduction. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 45, 9\u201320. 10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2010.01640.x"},{"key":"B10","series-title":"Clinical Examination of Farm Animals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470752425.ch10","article-title":"Clinical examination of the female genital system","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jackson, P. G. G. and Cockcroft, P. D. (Eds.) (2007): Clinical examination of the female genital system. In: Clinical Examination of Farm Animals. Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, UK, pp. 125\u2013140. 10.1002\/9780470752425.ch10"},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Theriogenology","first-page":"1291","article-title":"Accuracy of transrectal ultrasonography for determination of pregnancy in sheep: effect of fasting and handling of the animals","volume":"61","author":"Karen, A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Karen, A., Szabados, K., Reiczigel, J., Beckers, J.-F. and Szenci, O. (2004): Accuracy of transrectal ultrasonography for determination of pregnancy in sheep: effect of fasting and handling of the animals. Theriogenology 61, 1291\u20131298."},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Small Rumin. Res.","first-page":"141","article-title":"In vivo diagnosis of embryo mortality in sheep by real-time ultrasound","volume":"24","author":"Kaulfuss, K.-H.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kaulfuss, K.-H., May, J., S\u00fcss, R. and Moog, U. (1997): In vivo diagnosis of embryo mortality in sheep by real-time ultrasound. Small Rumin. Res. 24, 141\u2013145."},{"key":"B13","series-title":"Theriogenology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.04.021","article-title":"Follicular growth, endocrine response and embryo yields in sheep superovulated with FSH after pretreatment with a single short-acting dose of GnRH antagonist","volume":"64","author":"Lopez-Alonso, C.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lopez-Alonso, C., Encinas, T., Veiga-Lopez, A., Garcia-Garcia, R. M., Cocero, M. J., Ros, J. M., McNeilly, A. S. and Gonzalez-Bulnes, A. (2005): Follicular growth, endocrine response and embryo yields in sheep superovulated with FSH after pretreatment with a single short-acting dose of GnRH antagonist. Theriogenology 64, 1833\u20131843. 10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.04.021"},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Small Rumin. Res.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2016.12.023","article-title":"Basics of ultrasonographic examination in sheep","volume":"152","author":"Meinecke-Tillmann, S.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meinecke-Tillmann, S. (2017): Basics of ultrasonographic examination in sheep. Small Rumin. Res. 152, 10\u201321. 10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2016.12.023"},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Comparative Reproductive Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470390290.ch14","article-title":"Ultrasonography in small ruminant reproduction","author":"Meinecke-Tillmann, S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meinecke-Tillmann, S. and Meinecke, B. (2007): Ultrasonography in small ruminant reproduction. In: Schatten, H. and Constantinescu, G. M. (eds.) Comparative Reproductive Biology. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK, pp. 349\u2013376. 10.1002\/9780470390290.ch14"},{"key":"B16","series-title":"Biol. Reprod.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod49.5.1133","article-title":"Ovarian structures during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in Ewes1","volume":"49","author":"Neal Schrick, F.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Neal Schrick, F., Surface, R. A., Pritchard, J. Y., Dailey, R. A., Townsend, E. C. and Keith Inskeep, E. (1993): Ovarian structures during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in Ewes1. Biol. Reprod. 49, 1133\u20131140. 10.1095\/biolreprod49.5.1133"},{"key":"B17","series-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim.","first-page":"742","article-title":"Assessing the usefulness of B\u2010mode and colour Doppler sonography, and measurements of circulating progesterone concentrations for determining ovarian responses in superovulated ewes","volume":"53","author":"Oliveira, M. E. F.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oliveira, M. E. F., Ribeiro, I. F., Rodriguez, M. G. K., Maciel, G. S., Fonseca, J. F., Brand\u00e3o, F. Z. and Bartlewski, P. M. (2018): Assessing the usefulness of B\u2010mode and colour Doppler sonography, and measurements of circulating progesterone concentrations for determining ovarian responses in superovulated ewes. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 53, 742\u2013750."},{"key":"B18","series-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13089","article-title":"Colour-Doppler ultrasound imaging as a laparoscopy substitute to count corpora lutea in superovulated sheep","volume":"53","author":"Pinto, P.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pinto, P., Bragan\u00e7a, G., Balaro, M., Arashiro, E., dos Santos, G., de Souza, G., Souza-Fabjan, J., Da Fonseca, J. and Brand\u00e3o, F. (2018): Colour-Doppler ultrasound imaging as a laparoscopy substitute to count corpora lutea in superovulated sheep. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 53, 266\u2013269. 10.1111\/rda.13089"},{"key":"B19","series-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2012.01.013","article-title":"Applications of diagnostic ultrasonography in small ruminant reproductive management","volume":"130","author":"Scott, P. R.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scott, P. R. (2012): Applications of diagnostic ultrasonography in small ruminant reproductive management. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 130, 184\u2013186. 10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2012.01.013"},{"key":"B20","series-title":"Small Rumin. Res.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2010.04.011","article-title":"Ultrasonography as an adjunct to clinical examination in sheep","volume":"92","author":"Scott, P. R.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scott, P. R. and Sargison, N. D. (2010): Ultrasonography as an adjunct to clinical examination in sheep. Small Rumin. Res. 92, 108\u2013119. 10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2010.04.011"},{"key":"B21","series-title":"Theriogenology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.11.007","article-title":"Ovarian antral follicular dynamics in sheep revisited: comparison among estrous cycles with three or four follicular waves","volume":"73","author":"Seekallu, S. V.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Seekallu, S. V., Toosi, B. M., Duggavathi, R., Barrett, D. M. W., Davies, K. L., Waldner, C. and Rawlings, N. C. (2010): Ovarian antral follicular dynamics in sheep revisited: comparison among estrous cycles with three or four follicular waves. Theriogenology 73, 670\u2013680. 10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.11.007"},{"key":"B22","series-title":"Anim. Sci. Pap. Rep.","first-page":"183","article-title":"Transrectal ultrasonography in diagnosing the ovulation rate in sheep","volume":"21","author":"\u015al\u00f3sarz, P.","year":"2003","unstructured":"\u015al\u00f3sarz, P., Frankowska, A. and Mi\u015b, M. (2003): Transrectal ultrasonography in diagnosing the ovulation rate in sheep. Anim. Sci. Pap. Rep. 21, 183\u2013189."},{"key":"B23","series-title":"J. Ultrasound Med.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2013.32.4.573","article-title":"Ultrasound transducer selection\u00a0in clinical imaging practice","volume":"32","author":"Szabo, T. L.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Szabo, T. L. and Lewin, P. A. (2013): Ultrasound transducer selection\u00a0in clinical imaging practice. J. Ultrasound Med. 32, 573\u2013582. 10.7863\/jum.2013.32.4.573"},{"key":"B24","series-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Sheep Veterinary Conference","first-page":"21","article-title":"Measurement of different parts in Chall fetuses to determine the pregnancy age","author":"Tajik, P.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tajik, P., Abbas, V. and Sarang, S. (2001): Measurement of different parts in Chall fetuses to determine the pregnancy age. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Sheep Veterinary Conference, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, pp. 21\u201325, January, 2001. Bayer AG."},{"key":"B25","series-title":"Theriogenology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(87)90229-9","article-title":"Transfer of superovulated\u00a0sheep embryos obtained with different FSH-P","volume":"27","author":"Torr\u00e8s, S.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Torr\u00e8s, S., Cogni\u00e9, Y. and Colas, G. (1987): Transfer of superovulated\u00a0sheep embryos obtained with different FSH-P. Theriogenology 27, 407\u2013419. 10.1016\/0093-691X(87)90229-9"},{"key":"B26","series-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(03)00141-6","article-title":"Accuracy of evaluation of ovarian structures by transrectal ultrasonography in ewes","volume":"80","author":"Vi\u00f1oles, C.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vi\u00f1oles, C., Meikle, A. and Forsberg, M. (2004): Accuracy of evaluation of ovarian structures by transrectal ultrasonography in ewes. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 80, 69\u201379. 10.1016\/S0378-4320(03)00141-6"},{"key":"B27","series-title":"Practical Atlas of Ruminant and Camelid Reproductive Ultrasonography","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119265818.ch11","article-title":"Sheep and goats","author":"Vi\u00f1oles\u2010Gil, C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vi\u00f1oles\u2010Gil, C., Gonzalez\u2010Bulnes, A., Martin, G. B., Sales Zlatar, F. and Sale, S. (2009): Sheep and goats. In DesC\u00f4teaux, L., Gnemmi, G. and Colloton, J. (eds.) Practical Atlas of Ruminant and Camelid Reproductive Ultrasonography. Wiley, pp. 181\u2013210. 10.1002\/9781119265818.ch11"},{"key":"B28","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2018","unstructured":"R Core Team (2018): R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria."}],"container-title":["Acta Veterinaria Hungarica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/004\/73\/3\/article-p186.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/004\/73\/3\/article-p186.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/004\/73\/3\/article-p186.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T14:09:48Z","timestamp":1757945388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/004\/73\/3\/article-p186.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/004.2025.01116","relation":{},"ISSN":["0236-6290","1588-2705"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0236-6290"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1588-2705"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]}}}