{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T13:33:37Z","timestamp":1763991217125,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AVet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Foetal arterial catheterisation is an effective tool for conducting longitudinal\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies on foetal blood gases and acid-base fluctuations. These surgical techniques have made obtaining daily blood samples under aseptic conditions feasible to determine arterial and\/or venous blood gases and acid-base parameters. The present study aimed to elucidate the changes in arterial blood gases and acid-base variables obtained from a catheterised foetus during the final days preceding and during the calving process. It focused specifically on a case of primary uterine inertia and two typical cases. The average gestation length observed in three cows with chronically catheterised foetuses was 285 \u00b1 10 days. The arterial and venous acid-base variables recorded in the three catheterised dams remained stable throughout the late gestation and calving phases. Similarly, these acid-base parameters remained consistent until the last 35\u2009min before birth for Foetus B and until the last 22\u2009min for Foetus A. At these points, physiological acidosis emerged in Foetus B, while moderate respiratory and metabolic acidosis developed in Foetus A until birth. In contrast, Foetus C experienced a gradual development of severe respiratory and metabolic acidosis during the last 8\u2009h before birth, with continued deterioration observed in the 37\u2009min leading up to birth. While there were no significant differences in the duration of electromyography (EMG) activities among the cows, a notable increase was recorded at 7\u2009h before birth in Cow A and 15\u2009h before birth in Cow B. Conversely, Cow C exhibited elevated EMG activity (&gt;1,500\u2009s*h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) 8\u2009h before birth. Additionally, during the last 3\u2009h leading to birth in Cow C, a discernible reduction was noted compared to the other two cows. This case study highlights the importance of performing an exploratory vaginal examination when no clear clinical signs of stage one or any suspicious clinical symptoms, such as bloody vaginal mucus, are observed during the expected last day of gestation to prevent foetal mortality during calving.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2025.01159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T10:40:12Z","timestamp":1761907212000},"page":"287-293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of primary uterine inertia on blood gases and acid-base parameters in a chronically cannulated bovine foetus during calving: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3248-173X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ott\u00f3","family":"Szenci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Food Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, H-2225 \u00dcll\u0151, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gijsbert Cornelis","family":"Van Der Weyden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Farm Animal Health, Foetal and Perinatal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"L\u00e9n\u00e1rt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Food Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, H-2225 \u00dcll\u0151, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel Antoine Marie","family":"Taverne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Farm Animal Health, Foetal and Perinatal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Bovine Prenatal, Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine; Hungarian Association for Buiatrics","first-page":"31","article-title":"Gestation length","author":"Bleul, U.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bleul, U. 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