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Between July 2020 and April 2022, a total of 1,408 blood samples were collected from 18\u00a0large herds and pooled sampling was applied by combining equal amounts from five individuals per pool. PCV-3 positive samples were detected in 94.4% (17\/18) of the farms, with an overall apparent prevalence of 30.4% (89\/293) in the tested pools. PCV-2 was found in 50.0% (9\/18) of the farms, with 14.7% (43\/293) of pools testing positive. After correction for imperfect PCR sensitivity and specificity (assumed to be 95%), the corrected prevalence of PCV-3 was 28.2% (83\/293) and 10.7% (32\/293) for PCV-2, farm-level prevalence estimates remained unchanged. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that 24.2% of the PCV-3-positive pools had low (Cq &gt; 30), 5.8% medium (28 &lt; Cq &lt; 30) and 1.0% high viral loads (Cq &lt; 28). These results confirm that PCV-3 is widely present in large Hungarian swine farms. The relatively high prevalence, viral load and frequent co-infections raise the possibility of subclinical infections, although the clinical significance of PCV-3 requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2026.01261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T10:05:49Z","timestamp":1788170749000},"page":"273-283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and viral load dynamics of PCV-2 and PCV-3 on large Hungarian swine farms"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"M\u00e1t\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MSD Animal Health Hungary, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Levente","family":"Moln\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Forensics and Economics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"Makkai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSD Animal Health Hungary, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marietta","family":"M\u00e1t\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Forensics and Economics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Paszerbovics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanny","family":"Swam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSD CDS, Boxmeer, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5568-7319","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"\u00d3zsv\u00e1ri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Forensics and Economics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Pathogens","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14070675","article-title":"Comprehensive survey of PCV2 and PCV3 in domestic pigs and wild boars across Portugal: prevalence, geographical distribution and genetic diversity","volume":"14","author":"Almeida, B.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Almeida, B., Duarte, M. 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