{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T15:02:56Z","timestamp":1789570976511,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AVET"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Newcastle Disease (ND) is a major poultry disease worldwide causing substantial economic losses in the poultry production system. This research aimed to assess efficacy of the NewFluRazi vaccine to in protecting against Newcastle disease. In the study, 90 specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, 21 days old, were randomly divided into five groups\u2014four groups were vaccinated while one group remained unvaccinated. At 42 days of age, all birds in the four vaccinated groups and the control group were exposed to a highly virulent genotype VII strain of the virus circulating locally. Hem-agglutination\u00a0inhibition test was performed against the antigen on day 42 to assess immunogenicity.\u00a0For pathological analysis, tissue samples were collected on days 3, 5 and 7 post-challenge. Lung, trachea, cecal-tonsil and spleen tissues were collected and analysed using real-time PCR on days 3, 5 and 7 post-challenge to detect the presence of the virus. The findings revealed that antibody titers increased in all groups 21 days' post-vaccination. Antibody levels in the NewFluRazi and the international bivalent groups were higher than in the national bivalent vaccine group with mean titers of 5.2, 5.2, and 5, respectively. Pathological assessment following the challenge showed no significant difference in the mean lesion scores between the groups. Viral gene expression in the tissues was significantly lower in the NewFluRazi vaccine group compared to the international bivalent vaccine group. For instance, on day 5 post-challenge, the mean CT value for the tissues in the NewFluRazi group was 34.12, whereas it was 22.08 in the international bivalent vaccine group. Overall, our results indicate that the NewFluRazi vaccine was more effective than the international bivalent vaccine in reducing viral presence in the target tissues following challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2026.01287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T12:10:27Z","timestamp":1788178227000},"page":"267-272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunogenicity and efficacy of NewFluRazi vaccine against Newcastle disease in SPF chickens"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8355-1478","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad Hasan","family":"Rabiee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Bashashati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6632-903X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seyed Mostafa","family":"Beheshti Shirazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Abdoshah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1221-7771","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Fallah Mehrabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freshteh","family":"Sabouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Eslampanah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5761-4499","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Faezeh","family":"Heshmatinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8824-1276","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zahra","family":"Ziafati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaveh Paravandar","family":"Asadolahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"B1","series-title":"Arch. Virol.","first-page":"1967","article-title":"Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2019","volume":"164","author":"Amarasinghe, G. K.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amarasinghe, G. K., Ayll\u00f3n, M. A., B\u00e0o, Y., Basler, C. F., Bavari, S., Blasdell, K. R., Briese, T., Brown, P. A., Bukreyev, A. and Balkema-Buschmann, A. (2019): Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2019. Arch. Virol. 164(7), 1967\u20131980."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"BioMed Res. Int.","article-title":"Diagnostic and vaccination approaches for Newcastle disease virus in poultry: the current and emerging perspectives","volume":"2018","author":"Bello, M. B.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bello, M. B., Yusoff, K., Ideris, A., Hair-Bejo, M., Peeters, B. P. and Omar, A. R. (2018): Diagnostic and vaccination approaches for Newcastle disease virus in poultry: the current and emerging perspectives. BioMed Res. Int. 2018."},{"key":"B3","article-title":"Efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccines and vaccination protocols commonly used in Mali, West Africa","author":"Dakouo, M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dakouo, M., Gil, P., Fofana, M., Niang, M., Kongossia Coulibaly, M., Samake, K., Traor\u00e9, A., Diallo, B. O., Albina, E. and Bougoudougou, F. (2020): Efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccines and vaccination protocols commonly used in Mali, West Africa."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Vet. Microbiol.","first-page":"126","article-title":"Newcastle disease vaccines\u2014a solved problem or a continuous challenge?","volume":"206","author":"Dimitrov, K. M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dimitrov, K. M., Afonso, C. L., Yu, Q. and Miller, P. J. (2017): Newcastle disease vaccines\u2014a solved problem or a continuous challenge? Vet. Microbiol. 206, 126\u2013136."},{"issue":"5","key":"B5","series-title":"Arch. Razi Inst.","first-page":"1421","article-title":"Study of cellular and humoral immunity and histopathology of target tissues following Newcastle Clone12IR vaccine administration in SPF chickens","volume":"78","author":"Ebrahimi, M. M.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ebrahimi, M. M., Shahsavandi, S., Eslampanah, M. and Yousefi, A. R. (2023): Study of cellular and humoral immunity and histopathology of target tissues following Newcastle Clone12IR vaccine administration in SPF chickens. Arch. Razi Inst. 78(5), 1421\u20131429."},{"issue":"2","key":"B6","series-title":"Arch. Razi Inst.","first-page":"767","article-title":"Monitoring of Newcastle disease virus vaccine strain replication in embryonated chicken eggs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction","volume":"78","author":"Ghadimipour, R.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghadimipour, R., Taghizadeh, M., Bashashati, M., Ebrahimi, M. M., Samadi, A. and Mohammadzadeh, S. (2023): Monitoring of Newcastle disease virus vaccine strain replication in embryonated chicken eggs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Arch. Razi Inst. 78(2), 767\u2013773."},{"issue":"1","key":"B7","series-title":"Vet. Res.","first-page":"99","article-title":"Current situation and future direction of Newcastle disease vaccines","volume":"53","author":"Hu, Z.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu, Z., He, X., Deng, J., Hu, J. and Liu, X. (2022): Current situation and future direction of Newcastle disease vaccines. Vet. Res. 53(1), 99."},{"issue":"1","key":"B8","series-title":"Vet. Med. Int.","article-title":"Scoring system for lesions induced by different strains of Newcastle disease virus in chicken","volume":"2018","author":"Hussein, E. A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hussein, E. A., Hair-Bejo, M., Adamu, L., Omar, A., Arshad, S. S., Awad, E. A. and Aini, I. (2018): Scoring system for lesions induced by different strains of Newcastle disease virus in chicken. Vet. 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G.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wise, M. G., Suarez, D. L., Seal, B. S., Pedersen, J. C., Senne, D. A., King, D. J., Kapczynski, D. R. and Spackman, E. (2004): Development of a real-time reverse-transcription PCR for detection of Newcastle disease virus RNA in clinical samples. J.\u00a0Clin. Microbiol. 42(1), 329\u2013338."}],"container-title":["Acta Veterinaria Hungarica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/004\/74\/3\/article-p267.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/004\/74\/3\/article-p267.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/004\/74\/3\/article-p267.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T14:10:45Z","timestamp":1789567845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/004\/74\/3\/article-p267.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/004.2026.01287","relation":{},"ISSN":["0236-6290","1588-2705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0236-6290","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]}}}