{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:34:15Z","timestamp":1792802055729,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"Research Deputy of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","award":["931486"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["931486"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AMicr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>, as a nosocomial pathogen has become a worldwide concern in recent years. In the current study, the resistance to tetracyclines and colistin were assessed in the isolates from different provinces of Iran.<\/jats:p><jats:p>During the timeline of this study, a number of 270 isolates of <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> were collected from tracheal aspirates, wounds, urine and blood cultures. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, tigecycline and colistin were evaluated. Tetracycline resistance genes were assessed by PCR. The mean expression level of <jats:italic>adeB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>adeJ<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>adeG<\/jats:italic> were assessed using semi quantitative Real-Time PCR. The clonal relationship of the isolates was evaluated by the repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (REP-PCR), International Clonal (IC) Lineage Multiplex PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (Pasteur scheme) methods.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The MIC by microdilution method showed that 87.5, 51.4, 28, 0.74 and 0% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, tigecycline and colistin respectively. The prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes was 99.2, 99.2, 98, 86.7, 10, 3.33, 0.37, 0% for <jats:italic>adeB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>adeJ<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>adeG<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>tetB, tetA(39), tetA, tetM<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>tetH<\/jats:italic> in tetracycline-resistant isolates. Moreover, the expression level of <jats:italic>adeB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>adeJ<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>adeG<\/jats:italic> genes in tigecycline-nonsusceptible <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> (TNAB) strain was higher compared to the tigecycline-susceptible <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> (TSAB). A broad genomic diversity was revealed, but ST2 was the most prevalent ST. Our results indicated that tetracycline resistance in Iran is mediated by resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) and <jats:italic>tetB<\/jats:italic> efflux pumps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/030.2021.01314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T04:29:55Z","timestamp":1612585795000},"page":"113-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Detection of efflux pump genes in multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST2 in Iran"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Meshkat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Himen","family":"Salimizand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran"},{"name":"3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3849-6246","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yousef","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran"},{"name":"5Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davood","family":"Mansury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abolfazl Rafati","family":"Zomorodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoleikha","family":"Avestan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Emam Khomeini Hospital of Naqadeh, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azad","family":"Jamee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamal","family":"Falahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Department of Medicine, Zahedan Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Farsiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azizollah","family":"Mojahed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11Department of Clinical Psychology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/49.3.479","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter in the UK, and in vitro evaluation of tigecycline (GAR-936)","volume":"49","author":"Henwood","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3849","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00619-11","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-nonsusceptible Acinetobacter baumannii in the United States","volume":"49","author":"Adams-Haduch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1159\/000335599","article-title":"Study of the correlation of imipenem resistance with efflux pumps AdeABC, AdeIJK, AdeDE and AbeM in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"58","author":"Hou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01819.x","article-title":"A PCR\u2010based method to differentiate between Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU","volume":"13","author":"Higgins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks084","article-title":"Colistin resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii: clinical reports, mechanisms and antimicrobial strategies","volume":"67","author":"Cai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-152","article-title":"Global Optimal eBURST analysis of Multilocus typing data using a graphic matroid approach","volume":"10","author":"Francisco","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref301","first-page":"3059","article-title":"Antibiogram of environmental isolates of acinetobacter calcoaceticus from Nkonkobe municipality, South Africa","volume":"28","author":"Stenstr\u00f6m","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fresenius Environ Bull"},{"key":"ref711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01405-08","article-title":"Tetracycline susceptibility testing and resistance genes in isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii-Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex from a US military hospital","volume":"53","author":"Akers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01037-09","article-title":"Screening and quantification of the expression of antibiotic resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii with a microarray","volume":"54","author":"Coyne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.12.031","article-title":"Tetracyclines for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections","volume":"45","author":"Falagas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.08.018","article-title":"A reliable combination method to identification and typing of epidemic and endemic clones among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"54","author":"Piran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000090","article-title":"Limited genetic diversity and extensive antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in north-east Iran","volume":"64","author":"Farsiani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2016.10.009","article-title":"Elevated prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with extensive genetic diversity in the largest burn centre of northeast Iran","volume":"8","author":"Sarhaddi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2012.0076","article-title":"In vitro activity of minocycline alone and in combination with cefoperazone-sulbactam against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"18","author":"Pei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref261","first-page":"1","article-title":"In vitro activity of tigecycline against Acinetobacter baumannii: global epidemiology and resistance mechanisms","author":"Pournaras","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Microbiol Infect Dis Public Health"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.06.027","article-title":"Distribution of the multidrug efflux pump genes, adeABC, adeDE and adeIJK, and class 1 integron genes in multiple-antimicrobial-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii\u2013Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex","volume":"33","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks084","article-title":"Colistin resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii: clinical reports, mechanisms and antimicrobial strategies","volume":"67","author":"Cai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S367","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu706","article-title":"Update on Acinetobacter species: mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and contemporary in vitro activity of minocycline and other treatment options","volume":"59","author":"Castanheira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.18869\/acadpub.mlj.10.1.44","article-title":"Comparison of disk diffusion and E-test with the reference method of microbroth dilution for susceptibility testing of acinetobacter baumannii isolates to tetracyclines","volume":"10","author":"Ardebili","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Lab J"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.03.006","article-title":"Delayed identification of Acinetobacter baumannii during an outbreak owing to disrupted bla OXA-51-like by ISAba19","volume":"50","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01037-09","article-title":"Screening and quantification of the expression of antibiotic resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii with a microarray","volume":"54","author":"Coyne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref471","first-page":"dks084","article-title":"Colistin resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii: clinical reports, mechanisms and antimicrobial strategies","author":"Cai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2012.04.008","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance patterns and their encoding genes among Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from burned patients","volume":"38","author":"Asadollahi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8976","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.8976","article-title":"Evaluation of ciprofloxacin (gyrA, parC genes) and tetracycline (tetB gene) resistance in nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii infections","volume":"7","author":"Nowroozi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh427","article-title":"Selection of topoisomerase mutations and overexpression of adeB mRNA transcripts during an outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"54","author":"Higgins","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.06.027","article-title":"Distribution of the multidrug efflux pump genes, adeABC, adeDE and adeIJK, and class 1 integron genes in multiple-antimicrobial-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii\u2013Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex","volume":"33","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.08.018","article-title":"A reliable combination method to identification and typing of epidemic and endemic clones among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"54","author":"Piran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref721","first-page":"3059","article-title":"Antibiogram of environmental isolates of acinetobacter calcoaceticus from Nkonkobe municipality, South Africa","volume":"28","author":"Stenstr\u00f6m","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fresenius Environ Bull"},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01021-06","article-title":"Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii by detection of the blaOXA-51-like carbapenemase gene intrinsic to this species","volume":"44","author":"Turton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01146","article-title":"Wide distribution of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in burns patients in Iran","volume":"6","author":"Farshadzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"dks084","article-title":"Colistin resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii: clinical reports, mechanisms and antimicrobial strategies","author":"Cai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"M100S26","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01759.x","article-title":"Use of sequence\u2010based typing and multiplex PCR to identify clonal lineages of outbreak strains of Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"13","author":"Turton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/49.3.479","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter in the UK, and in vitro evaluation of tigecycline (GAR-936)","volume":"49","author":"Henwood","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4571","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4571-4575.2002","article-title":"Comparison of a repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR method and clinical and microbiological methods for determining strain sources in cases of nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia","volume":"40","author":"Mart\u00edn-Lozano","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref161","first-page":"21","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of tetracycline resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from nosocomial infections at Tehran hospitals","volume":"17","author":"Maleki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iranian J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2004.10.008","article-title":"Distribution of tetracycline resistance genes in genotypically related and unrelated multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains from different European hospitals","volume":"156","author":"Huys","year":"2005","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01727-13","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from a Chinese university hospital","volume":"58","author":"Deng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.05.017","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of minocycline susceptibility testing methods in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"48","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref731","first-page":"00730","article-title":"The contribution of efflux pumps, porins and \u03b2-Lactamases to multi-drug resistance in clinical isolates of acinetobacter baumannii","author":"Rumbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"AAC"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01727-13","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from a Chinese university hospital","volume":"58","author":"Deng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.09.028","article-title":"Diversity of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes and 16S rRNA methylases in Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis species in Iran; wide distribution of aadA1 and armA","volume":"66","author":"Salimizand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref581","first-page":"21","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of tetracycline resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from nosocomial infections at Tehran hospitals","volume":"17","author":"Maleki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iranian J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01146","article-title":"Wide distribution of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in burns patients in Iran","volume":"6","author":"Farshadzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000619","article-title":"Significant spread of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii genotypes of clonal complex 92 among intensive care unit patients in a university hospital in southern Iran","volume":"66","author":"Saffari","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.03.009","article-title":"ISAba1\/blaOXA-23-like family is the predominant cause of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis in Iran","volume":"71","author":"Meshkat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01759.x","article-title":"Use of sequence\u2010based typing and multiplex PCR to identify clonal lineages of outbreak strains of Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"13","author":"Turton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-017-0226-9","article-title":"Molecular characterization and genetic relatedness of clinically Acinetobacter baumanii isolates conferring increased resistance to the first and second generations of tetracyclines in Iran","volume":"16","author":"Meshkat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212 \u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.03.009","article-title":"ISAba1\/blaOXA-23-like family is the predominant cause of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis in Iran","volume":"71","author":"Meshkat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S367","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu706","article-title":"Update on Acinetobacter species: mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and contemporary in vitro activity of minocycline and other treatment options","volume":"59","author":"Castanheira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2016.10.009","article-title":"Elevated prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with extensive genetic diversity in the largest burn centre of northeast Iran","volume":"8","author":"Sarhaddi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212 \u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.12.031","article-title":"Tetracyclines for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections","volume":"45","author":"Falagas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3849","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00619-11","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-nonsusceptible Acinetobacter baumannii in the United States","volume":"49","author":"Adams-Haduch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.02.014","article-title":"Characterisation and clonal dissemination of OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Tabriz, northwest Iran","volume":"39","author":"Peymani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.05.017","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of minocycline susceptibility testing methods in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"48","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.09.028","article-title":"Diversity of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes and 16S rRNA methylases in Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis species in Iran; wide distribution of aadA1 and armA","volume":"66","author":"Salimizand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.03.006","article-title":"Delayed identification of Acinetobacter baumannii during an outbreak owing to disrupted bla OXA-51-like by ISAba19","volume":"50","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh427","article-title":"Selection of topoisomerase mutations and overexpression of adeB mRNA transcripts during an outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"54","author":"Higgins","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2012.04.008","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance patterns and their encoding genes among Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from burned patients","volume":"38","author":"Asadollahi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2004.10.008","article-title":"Distribution of tetracycline resistance genes in genotypically related and unrelated multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains from different European hospitals","volume":"156","author":"Huys","year":"2005","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"ref761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.142949","article-title":"Detection of AdeABC efflux pump genes in tetracycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from burn and ventilator-associated pneumonia patients","volume":"6","author":"Beheshti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"ref831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000619","article-title":"Significant spread of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii genotypes of clonal complex 92 among intensive care unit patients in a university hospital in southern Iran","volume":"66","author":"Saffari","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref691","first-page":"8669","article-title":"Relative gene expression of RND-type efflux pumps in tigecycline resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from training hospitals in Tehran, Iran","volume":"6","author":"Owrang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01819.x","article-title":"A PCR\u2010based method to differentiate between Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU","volume":"13","author":"Higgins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8976","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.8976","article-title":"Evaluation of ciprofloxacin (gyrA, parC genes) and tetracycline (tetB gene) resistance in nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii infections","volume":"7","author":"Nowroozi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2012.0076","article-title":"In vitro activity of minocycline alone and in combination with cefoperazone-sulbactam against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"18","author":"Pei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.04.006","article-title":"Absence of TetB identifies minocycline-susceptible isolates of acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"52","author":"Lomovskaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-017-0226-9","article-title":"Molecular characterization and genetic relatedness of clinically Acinetobacter baumanii isolates conferring increased resistance to the first and second generations of tetracyclines in Iran","volume":"16","author":"Meshkat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"ref681","first-page":"1","article-title":"In vitro activity of tigecycline against Acinetobacter baumannii: global epidemiology and resistance mechanisms","author":"Pournaras","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Microbiol Infect Dis Public Health"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-152","article-title":"Global Optimal eBURST analysis of Multilocus typing data using a graphic matroid approach","volume":"10","author":"Francisco","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01405-08","article-title":"Tetracycline susceptibility testing and resistance genes in isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii-Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex from a US military hospital","volume":"53","author":"Akers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref271","first-page":"8669","article-title":"Relative gene expression of RND-type efflux pumps in tigecycline resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from training hospitals in Tehran, Iran","volume":"6","author":"Owrang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref311","first-page":"00730","article-title":"The contribution of efflux pumps, porins and \u03b2-Lactamases to multi-drug resistance in clinical isolates of acinetobacter baumannii","author":"Rumbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"AAC"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000090","article-title":"Limited genetic diversity and extensive antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in north-east Iran","volume":"64","author":"Farsiani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.04.006","article-title":"Absence of TetB identifies minocycline-susceptible isolates of acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"52","author":"Lomovskaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.142949","article-title":"Detection of AdeABC efflux pump genes in tetracycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from burn and ventilator-associated pneumonia patients","volume":"6","author":"Beheshti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01021-06","article-title":"Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii by detection of the blaOXA-51-like carbapenemase gene intrinsic to this species","volume":"44","author":"Turton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.02.014","article-title":"Characterisation and clonal dissemination of OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Tabriz, northwest Iran","volume":"39","author":"Peymani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.18869\/acadpub.mlj.10.1.44","article-title":"Comparison of disk diffusion and E-test with the reference method of microbroth dilution for susceptibility testing of acinetobacter baumannii isolates to tetracyclines","volume":"10","author":"Ardebili","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Lab J"},{"key":"ref511","first-page":"M100S26","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1159\/000335599","article-title":"Study of the correlation of imipenem resistance with efflux pumps AdeABC, AdeIJK, AdeDE and AbeM in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"58","author":"Hou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4571","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4571-4575.2002","article-title":"Comparison of a repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR method and clinical and microbiological methods for determining strain sources in cases of nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia","volume":"40","author":"Mart\u00edn-Lozano","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/030\/68\/2\/article-p113.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/030\/68\/2\/article-p113.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T01:01:08Z","timestamp":1651539668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/030\/68\/2\/article-p113.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/030.2021.01314","relation":{},"ISSN":["1217-8950","1588-2640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1217-8950","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]}}}