{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T06:18:35Z","timestamp":1782973115322,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AMicr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Poliomyelitis was a disease feared worldwide, striking suddenly and paralysing mainly children for life. Monitoring of suspected cases of poliomyelitis is carried out with Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance in Turkey. This study examines national data of AFP surveillance and the epidemiology of enteroviruses (EV) in Turkey from 2000 to 2019 and gives an overview of the detected serotypes of EVs. A total of 13,640 samples collected from patients with 5216 AFP pre-diagnosed cases (2 samples from each patient) and 3,208 contacts, during a 20-year period (2000\u20132019) were investigated. All isolated polioviruses were tested for their wild or vaccine origin according to the WHO recommended protocol by PCR and sequencing analysis were performed. Enterovirus positivity was detected in a total of 915 cases, which were identified as 204 Sabin-like polio virus (SLPV) and 711 non-polio enterovirus (NPEV). Of the 204 SLPV, 141 (69.1%) AFP were detected in patients and 63 (30.9%) were detected in samples taken from their contacts. Of the 711 NPEVs, 516 (72.5%) were from AFP cases and 195 (27.5%) were detected in samples taken from their contacts. It is concluded that the reason for the higher detection rate of NPEV in samples from AFP pre-diagnosed cases is attributed to the polio vaccination rates reaching 97% between 2008 and 2019 in Turkey. The most frequently detected NPEV serotypes were Coxackie A24, B3, and Echo 30. This retrospective study is the first comprehensive study in Turkey to evaluate the results of the AFP surveillance in the last 20 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/030.2021.01353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T11:45:51Z","timestamp":1614599151000},"page":"92-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Detection of non-polio and polio enteroviruses in Acute Flaccid Paralysis surveillance in Turkey"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7625-6350","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gulay","family":"Korukluoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, Virology Reference and Research Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umit","family":"Ozdemirer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, Vaccine Preventable Diseases Department, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Bayrakdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, Virology Reference and Research Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehra","family":"Unal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Izmir Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Directorate, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasemin","family":"Cosgun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, Virology Reference and Research Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tunca","family":"Atak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, Virology Reference and Research Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hulya","family":"Karademirtok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, Virology Reference and Research Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isil","family":"Ata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, Vaccine Preventable Diseases Department, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatih","family":"Kara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref41","first-page":"2016","article-title":"Update on vaccine - derived polioviruses worldwide November","author":"JorbaJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"Weekly"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2008.07.006","article-title":"Isolation of a type 3 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) from an Iranian child with X-linked agammaglobulinemia","volume":"137","author":"Shahmahmoodi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref251","first-page":"2047","article-title":"Coxsackievirus, echovirus, and other enteroviruses","volume-title":"Infectious diseases","author":"Pallansch","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2008-177","article-title":"Effects of immunization program on morbidity and mortality rates ofvaccine-preventable diseases in Turkey","volume":"50","author":"Nayir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref311","article-title":"Republic of Ministry of Ministry of General Directorate of Primary Health Care Circular on Extended Immunization Program Ankara","volume":"17","author":"T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Turkey Health Health Services"},{"key":"ref431","first-page":"1163","article-title":"Typing and identification of non-polio enterovirus from acute flaccid paralysis cases in Ningxia, 1997\u20132011","volume":"33","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555818326","article-title":"Meningitis and encephalitis","volume-title":"Human enterovirus infections","author":"Rotbart","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref101","article-title":"Poliovirus rRT Kit Programme on Immunisation CDC http www wpro who int immunization meetings polio rtpcr training meeting report annex pdf","volume":"6","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1053\/spid.2002.29756","article-title":"Enterovirus infections: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"13","author":"Sawyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin Ped Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref01","first-page":"681","article-title":"https talk ictvonline org ictv reports ictv online report positive sense rna viruses picornavirales w picornaviridae genus enterovirusat available","volume":"13"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02406-14","article-title":"Kinetics of poliovirus shedding following oral vaccination as measured by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR versus culture. Loeffelholz MJ, ed","volume":"53","author":"Taniuchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2006.08.009","article-title":"Molecular and epidemiologic analysis of enterovirus B neurological infection in Argentine children","volume":"37","author":"Mistchenko","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"ref371","first-page":"25","article-title":"Non-polio enteroviruses implicated in acute flaccid paralysis in northern Nigeria","volume":"2","author":"Soji","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"82","volume-title":"Polio Manual","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.020099","article-title":"Coxsackievirus B3 sequences in the myocardium of fatal cases in a cluster of acute myocarditis in Greece","volume":"58","author":"Spanakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1053\/spid.2002.29756","article-title":"Enterovirus infections: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"13","author":"Sawyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin Ped Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45695-0","article-title":"Enteroviruses in Tunisia: virological surveillance over 12 years (1992\u20132003)","volume":"54","author":"Bahri","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref331","first-page":"82","volume-title":"Polio Manual","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0306-4","article-title":"Surveillance of enteroviruses in France, 2000\u20132004","volume":"26","author":"Antona","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10437","article-title":"Coxsackievirus B3 sequences in the blood of a neonate with congenital myocarditis, plus serological evidence of maternal infection","volume":"70","author":"Bendig","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04066-6","article-title":"Coxsackie virus A24 infection presenting as acute flaccid paralysis","volume":"357","author":"Chaves","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref51","volume-title":"Guidelines for enterovirus surveillance in support of the Polio Eradication Initiative","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref71","article-title":"Republic of Ministry of Ministry of General Directorate of Primary Health Care Circular on Extended Immunization Program Ankara","volume":"17","author":"T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Turkey Health Health Services"},{"key":"ref231","article-title":"Australian national enterovirus reference laboratory annual report, 2015","author":"Roberts","journal-title":"Commun Dis Intell (2018)"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45695-0","article-title":"Enteroviruses in Tunisia: virological surveillance over 12 years (1992\u20132003)","volume":"54","author":"Bahri","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref191","first-page":"1163","article-title":"Typing and identification of non-polio enterovirus from acute flaccid paralysis cases in Ningxia, 1997\u20132011","volume":"33","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref471","article-title":"Australian national enterovirus reference laboratory annual report, 2015","author":"Roberts","journal-title":"Commun Dis Intell (2018)"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2008.07.006","article-title":"Isolation of a type 3 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) from an Iranian child with X-linked agammaglobulinemia","volume":"137","author":"Shahmahmoodi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"2047","article-title":"Coxsackievirus, echovirus, and other enteroviruses","volume-title":"Infectious diseases","author":"Pallansch","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref291","volume-title":"Guidelines for enterovirus surveillance in support of the Polio Eradication Initiative","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2010.10.006","article-title":"Molecular detection of different types of non-polio enteroviruses in acute flaccid paralysis cases and healthy children, a pilot study","volume":"50","author":"Mehrabi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.020099","article-title":"Coxsackievirus B3 sequences in the myocardium of fatal cases in a cluster of acute myocarditis in Greece","volume":"58","author":"Spanakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555818326","article-title":"Meningitis and encephalitis","volume-title":"Human enterovirus infections","author":"Rotbart","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref361","article-title":"http polioeradication org polio today polio now surveillance indicators"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04066-6","article-title":"Coxsackie virus A24 infection presenting as acute flaccid paralysis","volume":"357","author":"Chaves","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0306-4","article-title":"Surveillance of enteroviruses in France, 2000\u20132004","volume":"26","author":"Antona","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"681","article-title":"https talk ictvonline org ictv reports ictv online report positive sense rna viruses picornavirales w picornaviridae genus enterovirusat available","volume":"13"},{"key":"ref121","article-title":"http polioeradication org polio today polio now surveillance indicators"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2008-177","article-title":"Effects of immunization program on morbidity and mortality rates ofvaccine-preventable diseases in Turkey","volume":"50","author":"Nayir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10437","article-title":"Coxsackievirus B3 sequences in the blood of a neonate with congenital myocarditis, plus serological evidence of maternal infection","volume":"70","author":"Bendig","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02406-14","article-title":"Kinetics of poliovirus shedding following oral vaccination as measured by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR versus culture. Loeffelholz MJ, ed","volume":"53","author":"Taniuchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"25","article-title":"Non-polio enteroviruses implicated in acute flaccid paralysis in northern Nigeria","volume":"2","author":"Soji","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2010.10.006","article-title":"Molecular detection of different types of non-polio enteroviruses in acute flaccid paralysis cases and healthy children, a pilot study","volume":"50","author":"Mehrabi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2006.08.009","article-title":"Molecular and epidemiologic analysis of enterovirus B neurological infection in Argentine children","volume":"37","author":"Mistchenko","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"ref341","article-title":"Poliovirus rRT Kit Programme on Immunisation CDC http www wpro who int immunization meetings polio rtpcr training meeting report annex pdf","volume":"6","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref281","first-page":"2016","article-title":"Update on vaccine - derived polioviruses worldwide November","author":"JorbaJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"Weekly"}],"container-title":["Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/030\/68\/2\/article-p92.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/030\/68\/2\/article-p92.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T00:13:20Z","timestamp":1651536800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/030\/68\/2\/article-p92.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/030.2021.01353","relation":{},"ISSN":["1217-8950","1588-2640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1217-8950","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]}}}