{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:52:31Z","timestamp":1784307151687,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646179200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AMicr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The acronym ESKAPE stands for six antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens namely, <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. Monitoring their resistance is an important task for clinical microbiology laboratories.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>Our aim was to analyze the resistance patterns of these bacteria over ten years in clinical samples of our department. We examined the sample types from which these pathogens were most frequently isolated. The incidence of tests with resistant results for each pathogen in aggregate and the most important subgroups of each was also analyzed. We have also intended to predict the local priorities amongst these pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>The results of 1,268,126 antibiotic susceptibility tests performed on a total of 70,099 isolates over this period were examined. Most strains were derived from urine, blood culture, trachea, vagina, wounds, and abscesses. Prevalence of ESKAPE bacteria increased between 2011 and 2020 however, the steepest intensifications were seen in the cases of <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. The number of antibiotic susceptibility tests with resistant results has also increased over the decade but the most notable increase was detected in <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>. Based on the calculation of antimicrobial resistance index for each pathogen, the most serious challenges for us at present are <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic> and their multi-resistant forms.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>The theoretical prediction of proportion of resistant tests between 2020 and 2030 in our care area draws attention to a worrying trend in the cases of vancomycin-resistant <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic> and carbapenem-resistant <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/030.2022.01640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T14:14:21Z","timestamp":1646316861000},"page":"27-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Changes in resistance pattern of ESKAPE pathogens between 2010 and 2020 in the clinical center of University of Szeged, Hungary"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5268-6134","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Orosz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gy\u00f6rgy","family":"Lengyel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Department, Semmelweis University, Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel","family":"\u00c1nosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00f3r\u00e1nt","family":"Lakatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Research Center Szeged, Institute of Plant Biology, Photo- and Chronobiology Group E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katalin","family":"Buri\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/nature.2017.21550","article-title":"The drug-resistant bacteria that pose the greatest health threats","volume":"543","author":"Willyard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00820-8","article-title":"A nosocomial cluster of vancomycin resistant enterococci among COVID-19 patients in an intensive care unit","volume":"9","author":"Kampmeier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.13545","article-title":"Clonal dispersion of Acinetobacter baumannii in an intensive care unit designed to patients COVID-19","volume":"15","author":"Dur\u00e1n-Manuel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000755","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in ICUs: an update in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"26","author":"Cant\u00f3n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.4102\/ajlm.v7i2.887","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance trends of ESKAPE pathogens in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: a five-year retrospective analysis","volume":"7","author":"Ramsamy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Afr J Lab Med"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03571-z","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: how common and what is the impact?","volume":"25","author":"Wicky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30605-4","article-title":"Burden of AMR collaborative group. Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis","volume":"19","author":"Cassini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0590-7","article-title":"Economic burden of antibiotic resistance in ESKAPE organisms: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Zhen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0590-7","article-title":"Economic burden of antibiotic resistance in ESKAPE organisms: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Zhen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30605-4","article-title":"Burden of AMR collaborative group. Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis","volume":"19","author":"Cassini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e328351f974","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by ESKAPE organisms: cause, clinical features, and management","volume":"18","author":"Sandiumenge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.13.12","article-title":"Clinical relevance of the ESKAPE pathogens","volume":"11","author":"Pendleton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2019.05.013","article-title":"Measurement and prediction of antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections by ESKAPE pathogens and Escherichia coli","volume":"19","author":"De Socio","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"ref291","first-page":"909","article-title":"An overview of resistance profiles ESKAPE pathogens from 2010-2015 in a tertiary respiratory center in Romania","volume":"58","author":"Pene\u015f","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002325","article-title":"Do postoperative prophylactic antibiotics reduce highly virulent infections?: an analysis of 660 tissue expander breast reconstructions","volume":"85","author":"Monroig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000755","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in ICUs: an update in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"26","author":"Cant\u00f3n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00820-8","article-title":"A nosocomial cluster of vancomycin resistant enterococci among COVID-19 patients in an intensive care unit","volume":"9","author":"Kampmeier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00181","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00181-19","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE pathogens","volume":"33","author":"De Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref341","first-page":"1","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant bacteria in an intensive care unit during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: a multicenter before-and-after cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Pascale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002325","article-title":"Do postoperative prophylactic antibiotics reduce highly virulent infections?: an analysis of 660 tissue expander breast reconstructions","volume":"85","author":"Monroig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.10.002","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship: a COVID casualty?","volume":"106","author":"Lynch","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"909","article-title":"An overview of resistance profiles ESKAPE pathogens from 2010-2015 in a tertiary respiratory center in Romania","volume":"58","author":"Pene\u015f","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03571-z","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: how common and what is the impact?","volume":"25","author":"Wicky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00181","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00181-19","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE pathogens","volume":"33","author":"De Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2019.05.013","article-title":"Measurement and prediction of antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections by ESKAPE pathogens and Escherichia coli","volume":"19","author":"De Socio","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.4102\/ajlm.v7i2.887","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance trends of ESKAPE pathogens in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: a five-year retrospective analysis","volume":"7","author":"Ramsamy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Afr J Lab Med"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.10.002","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship: a COVID casualty?","volume":"106","author":"Lynch","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e328351f974","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by ESKAPE organisms: cause, clinical features, and management","volume":"18","author":"Sandiumenge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.13.12","article-title":"Clinical relevance of the ESKAPE pathogens","volume":"11","author":"Pendleton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.13545","article-title":"Clonal dispersion of Acinetobacter baumannii in an intensive care unit designed to patients COVID-19","volume":"15","author":"Dur\u00e1n-Manuel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/nature.2017.21550","article-title":"The drug-resistant bacteria that pose the greatest health threats","volume":"543","author":"Willyard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"1","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant bacteria in an intensive care unit during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: a multicenter before-and-after cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Pascale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/030\/69\/1\/article-p27.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/030\/69\/1\/article-p27.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/030\/69\/1\/article-p27.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T00:26:24Z","timestamp":1651537584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/030\/69\/1\/article-p27.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/030.2022.01640","relation":{},"ISSN":["1217-8950","1588-2640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1217-8950","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]}}}