{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:29:07Z","timestamp":1791952147670,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, the National Research Agency under the program \u00ab Investissements d\u2019avenir \u00bb"},{"name":"ANR-10-IAHU-03"},{"name":"R\u00e9gion Provence Alpes C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur"},{"name":"European funding FEDER PRIMI"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AMicr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated respiratory pathogens among ill Hajj pilgrims from Marseille. We also discuss the potential role of point-of-care (POC) rapid molecular diagnostic tools for this purpose. Clinical data were collected using a standardised questionnaire. Influenza A and B viruses, human rhinovirus and human coronaviruses, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> were investigated using real-time PCR in respiratory samples obtained during travel, at the onset of symptoms. 207 participants were included. A cough, expectoration, rhinitis and a sore throat were the most frequent respiratory symptoms, followed by loss of voice and dyspnoea. 38.7% and 25.1% of pilgrims reported a fever and influenza-like symptoms, respectively. 59.4% pilgrims received antibiotics. Rhinovirus (40.6%) was the most frequent pathogen, followed by <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> (35.8%) and <jats:italic>H.\u00a0influenzae<\/jats:italic> (30.4%). Virus and bacteria co-infections were identified in 28.5% of participants. 25.1% pilgrims who were positive for respiratory bacteria did not receive antibiotic treatment. In the context of the Hajj pilgrimage, it is important to detect infections that can be easily managed with appropriate treatment, and those that can affect prognosis, requiring hospitalisation. POC rapid molecular diagnostic tools could be used for patient management at small Hajj medical missions and to rationalise antibiotic consumption among Hajj pilgrims.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/030.2022.01895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T14:44:21Z","timestamp":1668177861000},"page":"283-289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Respiratory pathogens among ill pilgrims and the potential benefit of using point-of-care rapid molecular diagnostic tools during the Hajj"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Van-Thuan","family":"Hoang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi-Loi","family":"Dao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran Duc Anh","family":"Ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tassadit","family":"Drali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saber","family":"Yezli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Parola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Pommier de Santi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France"},{"name":"French Military Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1664-958X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Philippe","family":"Gautret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","author":"Emergencies: WHO\u2019s role in mass gatherings n.d","unstructured":"Emergencies: WHO\u2019s role in mass gatherings n.d. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/questions-and-answers\/item\/what-is-who-s-role-in-mass-gatherings (Accessed 27 Apr 2022)."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Trav Med Infect Dis","article-title":"International mass gatherings and travel-associated illness: a GeoSentinel cross-sectional, observational study","volume":"32","author":"GautretP","year":"2019","unstructured":"GautretP, AngeloKM, AsgeirssonH, DuvignaudA, van GenderenPJJ, BottieauE, et\u00a0al. 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