{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:11:28Z","timestamp":1781647888833,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AMicr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diarrheal diseases are of great concern worldwide and are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the epidemiology and the antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial enteropathogens among diarrheal patients of all ages in Crete, Greece during 2011\u20132022. Stool specimens were tested by conventional cultural methods for <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>, diarrheagenic <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (EPEC, STEC), <jats:italic>Yersinia enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic> species and <jats:italic>Clostridioides difficile<\/jats:italic>. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method for Enterobacterales, <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>, and by the gradient diffusion method for <jats:italic>C. difficile.<\/jats:italic> Of the 26,060 stool samples from patients of any age, 1,022 (3.9%) were positive for bacterial enteropathogens. <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. were the most commonly isolated bacteria (56.4%), followed by <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> (32.3%), and <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> (EPEC, STEC) (6.5%). Toxigenic <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> was isolated from 341 out of 8,848 diarrheal specimens examined (3.9%). Resistance to ampicillin was observed in 12.4% of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, 66.7% of <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> and 34.8% of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> (EPEC, STEC) isolates. Resistance to trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole was observed in 5.8% of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, 33.3% of <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>, and 15.1% of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> (EPEC, STEC) isolates. High rates of ciprofloxacin resistance (77.3%) were detected among <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> isolates, while resistance to erythromycin was observed in 2.4% of them. All <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and metronidazole. Our findings suggest declining trends in prevalence of bacterial enteropathogens, except for <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. and changes in the susceptibility rates to antimicrobials. Continuous surveillance of prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial enteropathogens is mandatory for implementing targeted and effective prevention and infection control measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/030.2024.02214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T07:30:26Z","timestamp":1707723026000},"page":"69-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial enteropathogens in Crete, Greece, during 2011\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0945-1732","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sofia","family":"Maraki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktoria Eirini","family":"Mavromanolaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Agios Nikolaos General Hospital, Agios Nikolaos, 72100 Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitra","family":"Stafylaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Iliaki-Giannakoudaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kasimati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"909","article-title":"Estimates of global, regional, national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of\u00a0diarrhoeal diseases: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"17","author":"Global Burden of Diarrhoeal Diseases Collaborators","year":"2017","unstructured":"Global Burden of Diarrhoeal Diseases Collaborators. 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